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  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1880-1889
  • 1850-1859
  • Engineering  (3)
  • Schizophrenia  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable neuroleptic drugs: clinical implications (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Neuroleptics ; Pharmacokinetics ; Long-acting neuroleptics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors review the literature regarding the pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable neuroleptic drugs (LINS). There are important differences between LINS and oral neurolepties that affect their pharmacokinetics. By avoiding first pass metabolism in gut and liver, LINS result in lower circulating concentrations of metabolites than are found after oral administration. In addition, LINS take more time to reach a stable steady state than their oral counterparts. The clinical significance of these pharmacokinetic properties is discussed. The authors recommend that when patients are being changed from oral neuroleptics to LINS, that this conversion be done gradually over several months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441937
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluphenazine plasma levels in patients receiving low and conventional doses of fluphenazine decanoate (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 88 (1986), S. 480-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Neuroleptic ; Fluphenazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma fluphenazine concentrations (FLU) were measured in 45 patients with schizophrenic disorders who participated in a double-blind comparison of 5 and 25 mg fluphenazine decanoate (FD). The rise in plasma level of FLU 24 h after a “test dose” was significantly correlated with steady state FLU concentration at 12 weeks (for 5 mg patients, r=0.45, P=0.04; for 25 mg, r=0.78, P=0.005). Patients who had low FLU at baseline required nearly 6 months to reach a steady state when they received 25 mg. Patients who received 5 mg and had low FLU at baseline continued to demonstrate relatively low plasma levels for the entire 1st year. Although the mean FLU at 6 months was lower for patients who relapsed during the subsequent 18 months (0.57 ng/ml for relapsers vs 1.01 ng/ml for nonrelapsers), this difference was not statistically significant. When plasma levels from both dosage groups were combined, FLU at 12 weeks correlated significantly with factor scores for akinesia (r=0.52, P=0.002) and BPRS cluster scores for retardation (r=0.52, P=0.002). These results indicate that the measurement of fluphenazine plasma levels may be useful in determining when patients treated with FD are receiving drug doses which are likely to cause discomforting side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178510
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sulfoxidation of fluphenazine in schizophrenic patients maintained on fluphenazine decanoate (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 93 (1987), S. 369-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Fluphenazine decanoate ; Metabolic sulfoxidation ; Fluphenazine sulfoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Highly sensitive radioimmunoassays were applied to study the sulfoxidation of fluphenazine in 30 schizophrenic patients maintained on either 5 mg or 25 mg fluphenazine decanoate by intramuscular injection every 14 days over a period of 6 months. The presence of the sulfoxide metabolite was detected in all but one of the patients, such that 97% of the 340 plasma samples analysed contained the metabolite. Interpatient variations in plasma levels of fluphenazine, fluphenazine sulfoxide, and in drug to metabolite plasma level ratios were several fold higher than the corresponding intrapatient variations at both dosages. There were statistically significant tendencies for mean plasma fluphenazine levels to rise and mean plasma sulfoxide levels to fall over the 6-month period of study among patients on the high dose, consistent with our previously reported observation that it takes 3–6 months to establish a steady state of fluphenazine with this dosage regimen. By contrast, there were no statistically significant changes in mean plasma levels of either fluphenazine or its sulfoxide in patients on the low dose. Nevertheless, there was a significant rise in fluphenazine to fluphenazine sulfoxide mean plasma level ratios in both dosage groups. It is difficult to assess the significance of the changes in the drug to metabolite ratios with time, since there are no kinetic data on the phase II metabolism (conjugation) of fluphenazine or fluphenazine sulfoxide. This study shows that sulfoxidation is an important major pathway in the metabolism of intramuscularly-administered fluphenazine, and implies that metabolic sites other than gut wall are also involved in the process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187259
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybrid element method for unbounded electromagnetic problems in hyperthermia (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1915-1937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element and boundary element methods are described for predicting high-frequency electromagnetic heating of tissue as a cancer therapy. For the class of clinical problems of interest, the patient is electrically inhomogeneous and best discretized by finite elements, but the unbounded nature of practical source configurations calls for a boundary element approach. A hybrid is introduced which couples the two methods and is superior in algebraic requirements to either method alone. The formulation is three-dimensional and allows exact satisfaction of the electromagnetic jump conditions at interfaces separating distinct tissue types. Test cases show its validity for transverse magnetic and electric situations with known solutions. Examples of clinical applications are shown.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620231010
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analytical solution to the design of precast concrete pavements (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 10 (1986), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Precast concrete pavement units are used in areas with low subgrade CBR values and high static and dynamic loadings. Unlike flexible pavements and rigid pavements, there are no design charts from which pavement engineers can design precast concrete pavements. The author has investigated analytically the relative importance of the factors affecting the ultimate stress and subgrade bearing pressures in precast concrete pavements. Presenting the results in graphical form, the design charts are used toillustrate the new design method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610100202
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical treatment of boundary conditions at points connecting more than two electrically distinct regions (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 3 (1987), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Points of intersection of three or more lossy dielectric regions (i.e. tissues) often occur in anatomical cross-sections of the human body obtained with CT-scans. The boundary conditions for the electric and magnetic fields require special attention at these points, in contrast to points of connectin of only two tissues, thus posing a problems for numerical methods involved with calculating the electromagnetic fields in tissue. In this paper, a simple theoretical analysis, which exposes the dominant analytic behaviour near such points, is followed. The derived analytic behaviour is numerically enforced via a special basis function which is compatible with the finite element method. Results are shown which indicate that the special basis preserves the analytic behaviour while maintaining grid resolution that is typical of the overall mesh.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630030110
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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