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  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1910-1914
  • thermodynamics  (2)
  • Minute ventilation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermodynamics of aqueous borate solutions. II. Mixtures of boric acid with calcium or magnesium borate and chloride (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 17 (1988), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Borates ; thermodynamics ; electrolytes ; Harned cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potentials for the cell without liquid juction $$H_2 ,Pt|B(OH)_3 (m_1 ),NaB(OH)_4 (m_2 ),MCl_2 (m_3 )|AgCl,Ag$$ with M=Ca2+ or Mg2+ are reported over a range of ionic strength at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55°C. Parameters of Pitzer's ion interaction treatment are determined for Ca(B(OH)4)2 and Mg(B(OH)4)2 by fitting to the cell results. Apparent association of alkaline earth borates to form the monovalent species CaB(OH) 4 + and MgB(OH) 4 + makes it necessary to use the extended β(2) form of the ion interaction treatment to represent the potentials reported here. Trace activity coefficients of calcium and magnesium borates are tabulated at various temperatures and ionic strengths. The association constants for ion pair formation implied by the values of β(2) for these salts are compared with ion pair formation constants available in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647311
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermodynamics of aqueous borate solutions I. Mixtures of boric acid with sodium or potassium borate and chloride (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 16 (1987), S. 791-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Borates ; aqueous ; thermodynamics ; electrolytes ; Harned cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Potentials for the cell without liquid junction $$H_2 ,Pt\backslash B(OH)_3 (m_1 ), MB(OH)_4 (m_2 ), MCl(m_3 )\backslash AgClAg$$ where M is sodium or potassium are reported over a range of ionic strength to I=3 mol-kg−1 at 5 to 55°C. Total boron concentration in the solutions was restricted to low levels to minimize formation of polynuclear boron species. Cell potentials are treated with the Pitzer ion interaction treatment for mixed electrolytes, with linear ionic strength dependence assumed for the activity coefficient of undissociated boric acid. Trace activity coefficients of sodium and potassium borates in chloride media are calculated at various temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650749
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A feedback controller for ventilatory therapy (1985)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 13 (1985), S. 359-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: End-tidal CO2 ; Minute ventilation ; Alveolar deadspace ; Dogs ; Closedloop control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A computerized system that uses feedback of end-tidal CO2 fraction (FET CO 2) to adjust minute volume of a ventilator has been developed and tested. The effectiveness and robustness of the controller were evaluated in five anesthetized dogs. The controlled responded to step-changes in the set-point for FET CO 2 by adjusting minute volume so that the FET CO 2 settled to the new set-point in less than 60 sec with less than 20% overshoot. The system exhibited suitable dynamic response to step-changes in set-point with loop gains as large as two times and as small as one-half the optimal value. The breath-to-breath variation in FET CO 2 values during prolonged periods of closed-loop controlled ventilation was smaller than the variation during periods of constant minute volume ventilation in three of five experiments. The controller generally maintained FET CO 2 within ±0.1 vol% of the set-point. A disturbance to the controlled system was produced by releasing an occlusion of a branch of the pulmonary artery. The controller always responded to this disturbance in a stable manner, returning the FET CO 2 to its desired value within 30 sec. Accurate control of arterial partial pressure of CO2(PaCO 2) will require modifications enabling the system to determine the relationship between FET CO 2 and PaCO 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407766
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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