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  • 1985-1989  (7)
  • 1905-1909
  • Pollution  (4)
  • 81.40E  (2)
  • 10-Jahres-Ergebnisse  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid thermal annealing of electrically-active defects in virgin and implanted silicon (1987)
    Springer
    Applied physics 42 (1987), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.40E ; 61.80B ; 61.70T ; 71.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the annealing behaviour of electrically-active defects induced in virgin n-type and residual in As+ implanted p-type silicon after laser irradiation, using the rapid thermal annealing technique (RTA). Spectra from deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) show that three majority carrier traps at E (0.32 eV), E (0.45 eV) and E (0.53 eV) were induced in the n-type Si after Nd-Yag laser treatment at 1.6 J cm−2. Annealing in a rapid thermal furnace at 600 °C for times between 5 and 60 s resulted in a linear decrease of the concentration of these defects and for times ≧ 60 s, they are no longer detectable. A similar result was obtained in the case of the multiple energy As+ implanted samples in which two majority carrier traps at H (0.30 eV), H (0.58 eV) and a minority carrier trap E (0.53 eV) completely disappeared after annealing for 45 s at 600 °C, in spite of the very high concentration of the H (0.58 eV) defect (〉1015 cm−3 up to a depth of about 1.5 μm). A comparison of the annealing rates of the E (0.32 eV) trap using the RTA and the conventional thermal annealing (CTA) techniques at 600 °C showed that the former is at least 30 times faster than the latter. Sheet resistance measurements show that the level of dopant deactivation, due to post-laser thermal treatment at 500 °C (in order to obtain the same reduction in residual defect concentration), is less in the RTA processed samples than in those annealed using conventional methods. These results lend strong support to the hypothesis of ionization-induced enhancement of defect annealing, and to our knowledge, represent the first report of the observation of the phenomenon using the RTA technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620605
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal annealing effects on grain boundary recombination activity in silicon (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.16D ; 61.70N ; 81.40E ; 61.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the influence of conventional and rapid thermal treatments at 850°C for 30 min and 10 s, respectively, on the recombination activity of theε9,ε13 (P-type) andε25 (N-type) grain boundaries in silicon. The analyses were made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) working in the electron beam induced current mode (EBIC) and completed by minority carrier diffusion length measurements. The main result obtained from this study shows the importance of the rapid thermal process as a suitable thermal treatment for polycrystalline materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616849
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling and analysis of airborne methylbromide (1989)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 27 (1989), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Methylbromide ; Charcoal tubes ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Air sampling of methylbromide using 900 mg HBr-treated activated charcoal tubes, followed by solvent desorption and FID or ECD chromatographic analysis, makes it possible to evaluate concentrations ranging from 0.2 ppm (1 mg×m−3) to 250 ppm (1g×m−3) at ambient temperature even with a high hygrometric level. Thermal desorption does not lead to satisfactory results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290402
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    319. Die proximal selektive Vagotomie beim gastroduodenalen Ulcus -10-Jahres-Ergebnisse der europäischen multizentrischen Studie (1987)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 935-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Proximal gastric vagotomy ; Gastroduodenal ulcer ; Ten-year results ; Proximal selektive Vagotomie ; Gastroduodenales Ulcus ; 10-Jahres-Ergebnisse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über die 10-Jahres-Ergebnisse einer prospektiven multizentrischen Studie an 8 europäischen Kliniken (Basel, Bern, Düsseldorf, Erlangen, Freiburg, Krefeld, München Klinikum Grosshadern, Strassburg) zur Bewertung der proximal selektiven Vagotomie beim gastroduodenalen Ulcus. Die Nachuntersuchungsrate war 81%. Ergebnis:n symptomatisch total Visick Ulcustyp % Rezidivrate % 1 + II Ulcus duodeni524 13,6 20,4 88% Ulcus ventriculi 71 13,5 19,8 73% Ulcus pyloricum/praepyloricum 94 18,7 31,684% Kombinierte Ulcera 28 27,9 31,7 82%
    Notes: Summary We report the 10-year results of a prospective multicenter trial in eight European centers (Basel, Bern, Düsseldorf, Erlangen, Freiburg, Krefeld, München Klinikum Grosshadern, Strassburg) evaluating proximal gastric vagotomy for gastroduodenal ulcers. The follow-up rate was 81%. Results:n Symptomatic Total Visick Ulcer type recurrencerecurrence I + II (%) (%) Duodenal ulcer 524 13.6 20.488% Gastric ulcer 71 13.5 19.8 73% Pyloric/prepyloric ulcer 94 18.7 31.6 84% Combined ulcer 28 27.9 31.782%
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01298104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene oxide pollution evaluation part I: Sampling with active charcoal tubes (1986)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 21 (1986), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ethylene oxide ; Active charcoal tubes ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Air sampling of ethylene oxide on active charcoal tubes followed by GC analysis is a frequently proposed method. This paper studies just to what extent it can be used, defining its limitations (concentration range, influence of ambient temperature and relative humidity), which are seldom taken seriously into account. This method proves inadequate to determine low pollution levels, i.e. around 2 mg m−3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311887
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling and analysis of airborne chlorinated methanes — Comparison of FID and ECD (1989)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 28 (1989), S. 617-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Chlorinated methanes ; Activated charcoal sampling ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A sampling method using activated charcoal, followed by percolation with ethanol and FID or ECD chromatographic analysis, depending on the concentrations to be monitored, makes it possible to evaluate concentrations of methylene chloride between 5 and 1000mg m−3, chloroform between 0.1 and 2000mg m−3, and carbon tetrachloride between 0.015 and 1000mg m−3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260689
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene oxide pollution evaluation Part II: Sampling on HBr-treated charcoal tubes (1986)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 21 (1986), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ethylene oxide ; HBr-treated charcoal tubes ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Air sampling of ethylene oxide on HBr-treated charcoal tubes followed by capillary GC analysis of the 2-bromoethanol produced allows pollution control evaluation for concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 20 mgm−3. The adequacy of the method is assessed taking into account ambient temperature and relative humidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311880
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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