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Metal oxidation: An electrochemical perspective (1988)

Bailey, J. M. ; Ritchie, I. M.

Springer

Oxidation of metals 30 (1988), S. 405-418

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ISSN: 1573-4889

Keywords: metal oxidation ; Wagner theory ; Mott-Cabrera theory

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract A general electrochemical theory for the oxidation of metals is presented. The oxidizing metal is viewed as a self-driving electrochemical cell in which the oxide acts as both ionic and electronic conductor. The irreversibility of each of the charge-transfer steps in the reaction mechanism is expressed in terms of an overpotential, the sum of these being equal to the Gibbs free-energy change accompanying the reaction. From this equality, it is possible to calculate the reaction rate as a function of the change in free energy and of such system parameters as oxide conductivity. It is shown that the Wagner theory and the Mott-Cabrera theory can be derived as special cases of the general electrochemical theory. The common basis for the Wagner theory and the Hoar-Price theory of parabolic oxidation is also demonstrated.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00659008

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Effects of semen preservation on boar spermatozoa head membranes (1989)

Buhr, M. M. ; Canvin, A. T. ; Bailey, J. L.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Gamete Research 23 (1989), S. 441-449

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ISSN: 0148-7280

Keywords: boar ; spermatozoa ; membrane fluidity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Head plasma membranes were isolated from the sperm-rich fraction of boar semen and from sperm-rich semen that had been subjected to three commercial preservation processes: Ex tended for fresh insemination (extended), prepared for freezing but not frozen (cooled), and stored frozen for 3-5 weeks (frozen-thawed). Fluorescence polarization was used to determine fluidity of the membranes of all samples for 160 min at 25°C and also for membranes from the sperm-rich and extended semen during cooling and reheating (25 to 5 to 40°C, 0.4°C/min). Head plasma membranes from extended semen were initially more fluid than from other sources (P 〈 0.05). Fluidity of head membranes from all sources decreased at 25°C, but the rate of decrease was significantly lower for membranes from cooled and lower again for membranes from frozen-thawed semen. Cooling to 5°C reduced the rate of fluidity change for plasma membranes from the spernvrich fraction, while heating over 30°C caused a signifi cantly greater decrease. The presence of Ca++ (10 mM) lowered the fluidity of the head plasma membranes from sperm-rich and extended semen over time at 25°C but did not affect the membranes from the cooled or frozen-thawed semen. The change in head plasma membrane fluidity at 25°C may reflect the dynamic nature of spermatozoa membranes prior to fertilization. Extenders, preservation processes and temperature changes have a strong influence on head plasma membrane fluidity and therefore the molecular organization of this membrane.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.