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  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (13)
  • (In vivo)
  • myelin basic protein
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conventional crosslinking studies on low density polyethylene monofilaments (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 173 (1989), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Herkömmliches Vernetzen von Polyethylen niedriger Dichte (LDPE) wurde mit Dicumylperoxid (DCP) als Vernetzer durchgeführt. DCP wurde in verschiedenen Konzentrationen mit LDPE-Schnitzeln in einem Extruder bei 135 - 145°C gemischt. Monofilamentfäden wurden bei 110°C auf einer Laborziehmaschine gezogen. Die Zugdehnungseigenschaften, der prozentuale Schrumpf und die Dichte wurden mit Zunahme der DCP-Konzentration und der Heizdauer verbessert, während jedoch die prozentuale Quellung abnahm.
    Notes: Conventional crosslinking of low density polyethylene (LDPE) was carried out using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as crosslinking agent. DCP in various concentrations was mixed with LDPE chips in an extruder at 135 - 145°C. Monofilaments were drawn on a laboratory drawing machine at 110°C. It was found that tensile properties, percent shrinkage and density were improved with the increase in the concentration of DCP and in the heating period, whereas, however, the percent swelling decreased.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051730116
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal chlorination of atactic polypropylene (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Chlorierung von ataktischem Polypropylen (APP) wurde thermisch gestartet und in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff durchgeführt. Es wurde gefunden, daß mit zunehmender Verdünnung der Chlorierungsgrad steigt, was in % Gewichtszunahme gemessen wurde. Grund für dieses Verhalten ist eine größere Aufweitung und Beweglichkeit der APP-Ketten, wodurch die durch Chlor zu ersetzenden Stellen besser zugänglich werden. Die Reaktionsordnung in Abhängigkeit von der APP-Konzentration beträgt 0,84 und die Aktivierungsenergie (Er) 5,29 kcal/mol. Die Erhöhung der Strömungsrate führt zu einem höheren Chlorierungsgrad. Dieser steigt bis zu einer Strömungsrate von 1 l/h linear an, um dann ein konstantes Nivoau anzustreben. IR-Spektroskopie und 13C-NMR-Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, daß die Chlorierung an allen drei ersetzbaren H-Atomtypen vorkommt. Der Startschritt des Mechanismus ist wahrscheinlich die Substitution des tertiären H-Atoms durch freie Chlorradikale und nachfolgendem Austausch der sekundären und primären H-Atome durch entweder fortschreitende Substitution oder den Eliminierungs-Additions-Mechanismus.
    Notes: Chlorination of atactic polypropylene (APP) was thermally initiated and carried out in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) solution. It was found that with the increase in dilution, there is an increase in the extent of chlorination, as measured in terms of % weight-gain. The reason for this behaviour has been ascribed to a greater degree of opening up and mobility of APP chains thus increasing the accessibility of the replaceable sites to chlorine. The order of the reaction with respect to APP concentration was found to be 0.84, the overall activation energy (Er) being 5.29 kcal/mol. Increase in flow rate leads to an increase in the extent of chlorination and was found to be increasing linearly with a flow rate up to 1 l/h beyond which it levels off. IR spectroscopy and 13C-NMR studies indicate the chlorination occurring in all the three types of replaceable H-atoms in APP. The mechanism appears to be initial substitution of tertiary H-atom by free chlorine radical followed subsequently by replacement of secondary and primary H-atoms via either progressive substitution or elimination-addition mechanism.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051630103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight studies on chlorinated atactic polypropylene (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 171 (1989), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Molekulargewichtsuntersuchungen an chloriertem, ataktischem Polypropylen, das durch Chlorierung von ataktischem Polypropylen hergestellt wurde, mit Hilfe von Viskositätsmessungen und Gelpermeationgschromatographie durchgeführt. Die Grenzviskositätszahl, das zahlenmittlere Molekulargewicht (Mn) und das gewichtsmittlere Molekulargewicht (Mw) hängen sowohl vom Chlorierungsgrad als auch von den Synthesebedingungen ab. Die beobachteten Phänomene werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Molecular weight studies of chlorinated atactic polypropylene (CAPP), prepared by thermal chlorination of atactic polypropylene (APP), have been carried out by viscosity measurements and gel permeation chromatography. In general, the intrinsic viscosity [η], number average molecular weight (Mn) and weight average molecular weight (Mw) are dependent on degree of chlorination as well as synthesis conditions. The phenomena observed are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051710110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of gamma radiation on low density polyethylene (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 161 (1988), S. 77-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Monfilamente von Polyethylen niederer Dichte mit unterschiedlichem Verstreckungsgrad wurden der Strahlung einer Co60-Gammastrahlenquelle unterworfen. Es zeigte sich, daß die Zugfestigkeit mit ansteigender Strahlungsdosis bis 20 Mrd stark verbessert wird, oberhalb dieser Dosis wird eine scharfe Abnahme der Reißfestigkeit und des Anfangsmoduls beobachtet. Die Quellung nahm ebenfalls mit zunehmender Strahlungsdosis ab. Jedoch zeigte die Dichte einen ansteigenden Trend. Der Schrumpf nahm bei allen Filamenten mit steigender Strahlungsdosis und Verstreckungsgrad zu. Die Ergebnisse wurden als Zunahme der Vernetzungsdichte mit zunehmender Strahlungsdosis erklärt, bei gleichzeitiger Abnahme der Kristallinität, die in fortgeschritteneren Bestrahlungsstadien stärker wird. Die Proben zeigten einen Memory-Effekt nach Verstreckung bie 110°C, Abkühlen unter Spannung, gefolgt von abermaligem Aufheize auf 110°C in entspannter Form. Der Schrumpf war noch immer viel größer, aber unabhängig vom Verstreckungsgard.
    Notes: Low density monofilaments of polyethylene with varying draw ratios were subjected to high energy radiation using Co60 gamma radiation source. It was found that the tensile strength is sharply improved with the increasing dose up to 20 Mrd beyond which a sharp decrease in tenacity and initial modulus was observed. The swelling behaviour also decreased with the increased in dose of irradiation. However, density showed an increasing trend. The shrinkage behaviour of all the filaments was found to increase with increasing dose and draw ratios. The results have been explained in terms of continuous increase in crosslink density with the increasing dose of irradiation along with loss of crystallinity, which appears to be more severe in the latter stages of exposure. The samples exhibited memory effect after redrawing at 100°C and cooling under tension followed by further heating at 110°C under relaxed condition. The shrinkage was still much higher but independent of draw ratio.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1988.051610108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers VI. Dyeing behavior (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 4455-4466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dyeing behavior of polypropylene-g-polymethacrylic acid fibers prepared by graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers by gamma-ray irradiation was evaluated for their dyeability characteristics using two basic dyes, rhodamine B and methylene blue. An increase in the dye uptake and moisture regain with the increase in graft content was observed. Such behavior has been attributed to the hydrophilicity imparted to polypropylene fiber by the presence of polar carboxyl groups in polymethacrylic acid grafts. The dependence of rate of dyeing on the percentage graft was evaluated. The diffusion coefficient of the fiber showed an increase with the increase in graft content and has been related to the structural changes occurring during grafting.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070301119
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of heat treatment on nylon-6 tire cords (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 4417-4429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The behavior of nylon-6 tire cords at elevated temperature has been evaluated. The heat treatment of cords at 200°C for 16 h was found to reduce their tensile properties considerably. This has been attributed to the decrease in average molecular weight and change in molecular weight distribution as ascertained by fractionation studies. Heat setting of cords in the temperature range of 180-210°C without any applied tension showed some decrease in tensile properties. This has been ascribed to the higher degree of shrinkage of the cords and hence increased chain folding in the molecular structure. However, irrespective of time and temperature of heat treatment, shrinkage was reduced with increasing tension on the cord. Effect of heat setting on density and crystallinity was also evaluated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070301117
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. III. Characterization (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2253-2262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypropylene-g-polymethacrylic acid graft copolymer, prepared by simultaneous-irradiation technique, was characterized to determine the structural changes, occurring in the copolymer. The presence of polymethacrylic acid graft in the copolymer was ascertained by infrared spectroscopy. Crystallinity of the grafted fibers, as deduced from X-ray diffraction pattern, showed a decrease with the increase in graft level in the fiber. Such a behavior has been attributed to the dilution of crystalline fraction of polypropylene by the incorporation of amorphous polymethacrylic acid chains in the fiber matrix, without disrupting the original crystallites of the backbone polymer. The density of the grafted samples showed a continuous increase with the increase in percent graft. However, the diameter did not change up to 16% graft content, beyond which an increase in the diameter was observed. This increase in diameter has been related with the sharp increase in disperse dye uptake of the grafted fiber at higher levels of grafting.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300536
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of adhesion characteristics of nylon-6 tire cord to natural rubber (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 913-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The adhesion characteristics of Nylon-6 cords to rubber matrix, using Resorcinol Formaldehyde Latex (RFL) solution, were evaluated at various conditions. The heat-setting studies of RFL dipped cords in the temperature range of 180-210°C showed a loss in tensile properties. However, a minimum in the loss was observed when a pretension load was given to the cords. Percent shrinkage of RFL-dipped cords increased with the increase in temperature of heat setting. Adhesion behavior of Nylon-6 cords to rubber matrix showed some improvement under relaxed conditions in the entire temperature range studied. With the application of suitable tension to cord, adhesion behavior can be made constant. This has been attributed to the higher extent of shrinkage of cords under relaxed conditions providing greater cord surface area. This in turn, leads to increased cord to rubber matrix.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340304
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-Induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. V. Mechanical properties (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 3365-3368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical properties of polypropylene-g-poly(methacrylic acid) fibers, prepared by graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fiber using simultaneous gamma ray irradiation technique, were evaluated. In general, an improvement in the mechanical behavior of the polypropylene fiber by grafting was observed. Denier and initial modulus of the fiber showed a linear increase with the percent graft, and elongation showed an opposite trend. The results have been explained in terms of reinforcing effect of poly(methacrylic acid) grafts and reduction in the segmental mobility of the polymeric chains. Tenacity also increases up to certain graft level, beyond which a sharp decrease occurs, probably due to the influence on the compactness of the macromolecular chains with the further grafting.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300818
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers. I. Effect of synthesis conditions (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2643-2653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The gamma radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto polypropylene fibers was investigated by simultaneous - irradiation technique. The effect of various synthesis conditions on the graft content was studied. At a constant dose, the percent grafting was found to be higher at low dose rate. For all the dose rates, a linear increase in the grafting was observed up to 0.25 Mrad, beyond which the grafting levelled off. Percent grafting also increased continuously with increasing monomer concentration up to 4.0 mol/L, but a linear increase in grafting was observed only up to 2.0 mol/L. The initial rate of grafting increased with the increase in dose rate and monomer concentration. The dependence of rate of grafting on dose rate and monomer concentration was found to be 0.70 and 1.71, respectively. The effect of liquor ratio upon grafting was also studied.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300627
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