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  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • 21.10  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10 ; 27.70+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theγ decay in the radiative fusion reaction90Zr+90Zr→180Hg+xγ has been observed in an array of NaI detectors. States up to 6+ in the yrast sequence of180Hg are tentatively assigned and suggest the coexistence of weakly oblate and strongly prolate nuclear shapes. The difference in potential energy between the two inferred shapes has dropped to about 200 keV, continuing the downward trend observed in the heavier even isotopes188–182Hg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 380-382 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Covered pitting corrosion of material no. 1.4571 in stagnant sea water
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into corrosion fatigue and crack initiation with the newly developed duplex steel X 3 CrMnNiMoN 25 6 4 by comparison with the known ferritic-austenitic steel X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5The majority of low pressure steam turbine damages are caused by corrosion fatigue. This kind of damage occurs primarily in the Wilson-zone of steam turbine machines. In spite of careful feed water washing there is still a build-up of damaging chloride-containing water impurities on the turbine blades.During the last twenty years the standard material X 20 Cr 13 often was and is still used for industrial turbine applications, although the corrosion fatigue resistance was insufficient concerning the increasing operation conditions of moder steam turbine machines. Modifications of the chemical composition of the steel and further material development did not reach a satisfying corrosion fatigue resistance till today.Recent investigations of duplex stainless-steels, especially the steel X 3 CrMnNiMoN 25 6 4 (A905; austenite/ferrite = 50/50) show both a good corrosion behaviour and a sufficient strength of this type of steels.In the present investigations the dependence on the corrosion fatigue limit on the pH-value, chloride concentration, temperature and the behaviour of corrosion cracking (crack initiation) is evaluated.
    Notes: Die überwiegende Zahl von ND-Dampfturbinenschäden ist auf Schwingungsrißkorrosion (SwRK) zurückzuführen. Diese Schadensart tritt bevorzugt an Turbinenschaufeln im Übergangs- und Naßdampfgebiet auf. Trotz sorgfältiger Speisewasseraufbereitung kann es in diesem Bereich zur Aufkonzentration schädigender, chloridhaltiger Wasserinhaltsstoffe kommen, die zu Schaufelbrüchen durch SwRK führen.Als Standardwerkstoff für Dampfturbinenschaufeln wird vielfach der Stahl X 20 Cr 13 eingesetzt, dessen SwRK-Verhalten unter ungünstigen Bedingungen nicht ausreicht. Werkstoffentwicklungen brachten zwar Verbesserungen, aber unter extremen Bedingungen ist das Werkstoffverhalten dennoch nicht zufriedenstellend.Erst die in die Untersuchungen einbezogenen Duplexstähle, insbesondere der Stahl X 3 CrMnNiMoN 25 6 4 (A905) mit gleichen Anteilen von Austenit (50%) und Ferrit (50%), versprechen aufgrund ihres guten Korrosionsverhaltens und der ausreichenden Festigkeit eine erfolgreiche Suche nach besseren Dampfturbinenlaufschaufelstählen. In den durchgeführten SwRK-Untersuchungen war die Abhängigkeit der Korrosionszeitfestigkeit vom pH-Wert, dem Chloridgehalt und der Temperatur des Prüfmediums von Interesse. Darüberhinaus wurden die Mechanismen der Rißeinleitung und das Korrosionsverhalten ohne mechanische Beanspruchung untersucht.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 37 (1986), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Comparative investigations into the corrosion fatigue behaviour of different steam-turbine-blade steelsCorrosion fatigue tests in NaCl-solution in the temperature range from ambient temperature to 150°C revealed a decrease of the corrosion fatigue strength of the steels X20Cr13 with 1% resp. 2.5% Mo, X4CrNiMo 16 5 1 and X2CrNiMoN 22 5 with increasing temperature; a minimum of the corrosion fatigue strength is reached at 150°C.At temperatures of about 80°C it was found an optimum corrosion fatigue behaviour of the Mo-alloyed steel X20CrMo13 2.5 in comparison with the other investigated steels.It was observed that crack initiation of the ferritic, Mo-alloyed steel is caused by Cl-induced pitting, of the soft martensitic steel by oxide inclusions and of the duplex steel by non metallic, brittle inclusions and/or by grain boundarys of the ferritic/austenitic microstructure.Crack initiation caused by pre-deformation at slip bands was observed on the duplex steel.All materials investigated failed at elevated temperatures. At temperatures higher than 80°C an optimum corrosion fatigue behaviour was not found.
    Notes: SwRK-Versuche in NaCl-Lösungen im Temperaturbereich von Raumtemperatur bis 150°C haben gezeigt, daß die Korrosionszeitfestigkeit der Stähle X20Cr 13 mit 1% bzw. 2,5% Mo, X4CrNiMo 16 51 und X2CrNiMoN 22 5 mit zunehmender Temperatur bis zu einem Minimum bei 150°C abnimmt.Bei Temperaturen um 80°C ist das SwRK-Verhalten des molybdänlegierten Stahles X20CrMo 13 2.5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Stählen am besten.Die fraktographischen Untersuchungen ergaben, daß bei den ferritischen, molybdänlegierten Cr-Stählen überwiegend Lochfraßstellen, beim Weichmartensit oxidische und beim Duplex-Stahl nichtmetallische spröde Einschlüsse sowie der Bereich der Korngrenzen des ferritisch-austenitischen Gefüges rißauslösend sind. Hinzu kommt beim Duplex-Stahl die ebenfalls mögliche Rißauslösung nach vorangegangener Verformung im Bereich von Gleitbändern.Keiner der untersuchten Stähle zeigte ein optimales SwRK-Verhalten - bezogen auf den praktischen Einsatz - bei höheren Temperaturen. Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse läßt sich aber feststellen, daß die Werkstoffentwicklung in Richtung hochreiner Materialien gehen muß, um eine praxisgerechte Werkstoffoptimierung hinsichtlich des SwRK-Verhaltens zu erreichen.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 1823-1836 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric relaxation studies on aligned liquid-crystalline comblike polysiloxanes are presented. The polymers differ only in the length of the flexible spacer separating the mesogenic side groups from the polysiloxane backbone. The characteristic features of the observed relaxation process as a function of frequency and temperature, in both the liquid-crystalline and isotropic phases, are described, and the effect of the spacer length is discussed. Within the liquid-crystalline phase a narrow single loss process is observed, due to the relaxation of the mesogenic side groups around the polymer backbone, whereas in the isotropic phase a much broader loss curve is seen. The transition from an aligned polymer mesophase to the randomly aligned isotropic phase is also studied in detial, and comparison with earlier work on comblike polyacrylate and methacrylate liquid crystals is presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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