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  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • Foodmelt rheology  (2)
  • scent marking  (2)
  • 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid  (1)
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Years
  • 1985-1989  (5)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile components of scent material from cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus o. oedipus) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1367-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Primate ; callitrichids ; Saguinus o. oedipus ; chemical communication ; scent marking ; chemical analysis ; GC-MS ; volatile composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The first chemical analysis of the volatile components of scent material from the cotton-top tamarin,Saguinus o. oedipus is presented. In contrast to our previous findings in saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis), the chemical composition of the scent marks is quite variable. Analysis of secretion expressed manually from different areas of the scent pads of sedated animals shows individual and regional variability. Only three components (squalene, cholesterol, andp-methoxybenzaldehyde) were found in all scent mark samples analyzed. However, suprapubic secretions obtained from one sedated female contained, in addition, 12 butyrate esters as well as five acetate esters which were homologous to the butyrates. The butyrate esters have been previously identified in scent material fromSaguinus fuscicollis. The variability of the composition of the scent material is discussed in relation to the scent-marking behavior of the cotton-top tamarins. Behavioral studies tested the ability of the cotton-top tamarins to discriminate between scent marks from conspecifics and scent marks from saddle-back tamarins. The group of 12 subjects discriminated between the scent marks from both species in choice tests during which they could freely contact the scent samples. However, when scent marks were presented under a screen, so that the subjects could smell but not contact the stimuli, no discrimination was shown. Four individuals displayed more interest in the screened scent stimuli than all other subjects. When these animals were tested in a second experiment for their ability to discriminate between material from the two species on the basis of only volatile cues, it became evident that they were able to do so. These results indicate that volatile cues alone enable the tamarins to recognize scent marks from conspecifics, but that additional cues perceived during contact with the scent are important for its full attractiveness and/or informational content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020141
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of glyphosate resistance in carrot somatic hybrid cells through the transfer of an amplified 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase gene (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Gen amplification ; Glyphosate resistance ; 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid ; 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) ; Protoplast fusion ; Amino acid analogs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A Daucus carota cell line selected as resistant to N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine (glyphosate) was found to have increased levels of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity of 5.5 times over wild-type carrot and an EPSPS protein level increase of 8.7 times as confirmed by Western hybridization analysis. Southern blot hybridization using a petunia EPSPS probe showed increases in the number of copies of EPSPS genes in the glyphosate-resistant line which correlated with the higher levels of the EPSPS enzyme. The mechanism of resistance to glyphosate is therefore due to amplification of the EPSPS gene. To examine the stability of the amplified genes, cloned lines selected as doubly resistant to Dl-5-methyltryptophan (5MT) and azetidine-2-carboxylate (A2C) were fused with the amplified EPSPS glyphosate-resistant cell line. Somatic hybrids expressed resistances to 5MT in a semidominant fashion while A2C and glyphosate resistance was expressed as dominant, or semi-dominant traits, in a line-specific manner. The hybrid lines possessed additive chromosome numbers of the parental lines used and no double minute chromosomes were observed. The glyphosate-resistant parental line and most somatic hybrids retained the amplified levels of EPSPS in the absence of selection pressure over a 3-year period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330616
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of chemical signals in a primate species (Saguinus fuscicollis): Use of behavioral, chemical, and pattern recognition methods (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 513-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemical communication ; scent marking ; pattern recognition ; Saguinus fuscicollis ; GC-MS ; primate ; tamarin ; skin secretions ; n-butyrate esters ; concentration profiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Scent marking with specialized skin glands is a common behavior in the tamarin,Saguinus fuscicollis. The scent marks identify species, subspecies, gender, and individual, and they also contain information on the social position and hormonal condition of an animal. The marks are chemically complex, containing a large number of compounds. Analysis by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has identified 16 major components (squalene and 15 esters of butyric acid). These compounds are present in the marks of males and females of two subspecies,Saguinus f. fuscicollis andSaguinus f. illigeri. Application of computerized pattern recognition techniques has shown that concentration patterns of some of the butyrates are diagnostic of the two subspecies while concentration patterns of other butyrates are diagnostic of males and females regardless of subspecies. Behavioral studies have shown that the concentration patterns of butyrates and squalene alone do not encode information on subspecies and gender. It is, however, likely that this information is partially encoded by these specific butyrate-squalene concentration patterns but that yet unidentified compounds in the scent marks serve as necessary synergists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020570
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of food melt rheology. II. End pressure effects (1988)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 27 (1988), S. 649-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Foodmelt rheology ; entrance pressure ; exit pressure ; elastic properties ; slit dieviscometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A twin-screw extruder-fed slit die viscometer (SDV) and a piston capillary rheometer have been used to measure the end pressure losses of a low density polyethylene, maize grits and potato powder. The entrance and exit pressure losses have been measured as a function of extrusion conditions. The entrance pressure losses were found to be less than 10% of the total pressure drop in the SDV for LDPE and maize grits. For the potato material, this loss was found to be as large as 58%. The exit pressures for the potato were between 10–20% of the total pressure drop compared to negligible values for the maize and LDPE. Various approaches due to Bagley, Han and Cogswell were used to investigate the elastic properties of these materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01337461
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of food melt rheology (1988)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 27 (1988), S. 546-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Foodmelt rheology ; slit dieviscometer ; capillaryrheometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The shear viscosity of commercial maize grits, potato powder and a low density polyethylene has been measured under a range of extrusion processing conditions using an extruder-fed slit die viscometer and a capillary rheometer. The results show the strong dependence of the viscosity of food melts on the processing history undergone during extrusion. To this end, the shear viscosity data for the food materials have been fitted to relationships including the effects of temperature, shear rate and moisture. The effect of the shear processing history on the viscosity has been represented by a power-law relationship with extruder screw speed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01329355
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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