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  • 1985-1989  (10)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
  • Aberration frequency  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 204 (1986), S. 174-179 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Vicia faba ; Clastogenic adaptation ; G2-repair ; Heat shock ; Aberration frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Vicia faba root tip meristem cells were treated with low doses of the clastogens maleic hydrazide (MH) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or sublethal heat shock and 2 h later with a high dose of MH or MNU, respectively. This procedure results in ‘clastogenic adaptation’, i.e., a lower yield of aberrations than after treatment with the high clastogen doses alone. When an additional post-treatment with inhibitors of ‘G2-repair’, such as hydroxyurea (HU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd), or 2-deoxyadenosine (dAdo), was performed, the protective effect triggered by low dose pretreatment was completely abolished, especially at early fixation times: The aberration yields observed were as high as or higher than after combination of only the high clastogen dose with inhibitor post-treatment. The most probable interpretation of the results seems to be: Inhibition of ‘G2-repair’ increased transformation into aberrations of potentially clastogenic lesions (DNA single- and double-strand breaks) which normally become correctly repaired. This may occur to a similar extent as aberration formation is avoided by repair of preclastogenic lesions (base damages) during S-phase by inducible processes termed “clastogenic adaptation’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 2161-2171 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Results of group transfer polymerization (GTP) of methyl acrylate (MA) in acetonitrile with 1-methoxy-1-propenyloxytrimethylsilane (MTP) as initiator and tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate, tris(piperidino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate, tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium bifluoride, tris(piperidine)sulfonium bifluoride, tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate and tetraethylammonium cyanide as catalysts are presented. Difluorotrimethylsilicate-and bifluoride-derived catalysts are more active in GTP of MA than fluoride- and cyanide-derived ones, and lead to higher but in no case complete conversion. Polymers with number-average molecular weights up to 10000 and dispersion indices as low as Mw/Mn = 1,3 can be prepared. Molecular weight control is poor and not possible without calibration of reaction conditions, since all catalysts activate side reactions of MA (to low-molecular-weight compounds and oligomers), of MTP, and (as is assumed) also of growing chains with the solvent acetonitrile under termination. Furthermore, catalysts containing fluoride and cyanide anions initiate an anionic polymerization of MA, accompanying GTP to an appreciable extent.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Group transfer polymerization (GTP) of methyl acrylate (MA) with 1-methoxy-1-propenyloxytrimethylsilane (MTP) as initiator and tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate and tetrabutylammonium cyanide as catalysts in tetrahydrofuran was investigated. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate turned out to be absolutely unsuited as GTP catalyst, since its crystal water destroys the initiator and the active centres. Furthermore, in side reactions between the initiator and the catalyst, the concentrations of both are diminished. Tetrabutylammonium cyanide is a powerful catalyst of GTP of MA, leading to complete conversion of the monomer, but initiates an anionic polymerization of MA too, which, however, is of minor importance in the main part of the reaction. Reaction rates may easily be controlled by the catalyst concentration. Number-average molecular weights are dependent on initiator concentration. They are lower as well as higher than those expected for a really living system, pointing to a rather complicated overall reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Group transfer polymerization of methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate with (1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-propenyloxy)trimethylsilane and (1-methoxy-1-propenyloxy)trimethylsilane as initiators, respectively, and tris(piperidino)sulfonium bifluoride as catalyst in tetrahydrofuran as solvent was investigated. While the former system nearly behaves like a living system, in the latter system side reactions between the active centres and the catalyst are of greater importance and limit monomer conversion in some cases. The character of the side reactions could be revealed by NMR and GC/MS measurements. Number-average molecular weights and polydispersities, as determined by gel permeation chromatography, show that tailoring of polymers with definite chain lengths and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions is only possible in the methyl methacrylate system. Reaction rates were proven to be very high, even at very low catalyst concentrations. Therefore, with respect to isothermicity in an industrial reactor, tris(piperidino)-sulfonium bifluoride seems to be too active as catalyst in group transfer polymerization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 19 (1988), S. 376-383 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Hardening, Yield Surface and Dislocation Arrangement in Low-Cycle FatigueIn Many technical and structural components stress raisers exist which undergo cyclic plastic deformation. Models have been developed to calculate the strain distribution and the resulting life. They are based on the assumptions that Masing-behaviour, isotropic and kinematic hardening are valid with cyclic pasticity. These assumptions have been examined experimentally. An interpretive connection is made between mechanical yield surface and microscopical arrangement of dislocations in the sense of cyclic hardening behaviour.
    Notes: Viele technische Konstruktionen können im Bereich von Spannungskonzentrationen zyklisch plastischen Wechselverformungen unterliegen. Zur Ermittlung der Dehnungsverteilung und der Lebensdauer gibt es Modelle, die auf den Annahmen von Masing-Verhalten, isotroper und kinematischer Verfestigung bei Wechselverformungen aufbauen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden diese Annahmen experimentell überprüft. Es wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen kontinuumsmechanischer Fließfläche und mikroskopischer Versetzungsstruktur in bezug auf das Verfestigungsverhalten hergestellt.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 405-408 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiments on the effect of polyphosphate on the corrosion behaviour of copper in electrolytic solutionsGravimetric experiments in a circulating equipment were performed on the effect of Graham salt on the corrosion behaviour of copper in electrolytic solutions by means of a high confounded 27-4-fractional factorial.The composition of copper samples: 99.7% Cu, 0.002% Bi, 0.005% Sb, 0.01% As, 0.05% Fe, 0.2% Ni, 0.01% Pb, 0.05% Sn, 0.01% S. The aqueous electrolytic solutions contained hydrogencarbonate-, sulphate-, chloride-, nitrate-, manganese-, calcium ions and Graham salt. It appears that Graham salt is unsuitable for the inhibition of copper corrosion. The polyphosphate promotes corrosion. Chloride-, nitrate-, sulphate- und manganese ions also increase corrosion rate whereas it is decreased by hydrogencarbonate ions. Increase of temperature also causes a decrease of corrosion rate. An existing danger of contact corrosion induced by copper cannot be removed by addition of Graham salt if copper and carbon steel, respectively galvanized steel are installed together in equipments of plant water.
    Notes: Es wurden gravimetrische Untersuchungen zum Einfluß des Polyphosphates Grahamsches Salz auf das Korrosionsverhalten von Kupfer in Elektrolytlösungen unter Verwendung von Kreislaufapparaturen nach einem hochvermengten 27-4-Teilfaktorenplan durchgeführt.Die Kupferproben wiesen folgende Zusammensetzung auf: 99,7% Cu, 0,002% Bi, 0,005% Sb, 0,01% As, 0,05% Fe, 0,2% Ni, 0,01% Pb, 0,05% Sn, 0,01% S. Die wäßrigen Elektrolytlösungen enthielten Hydrogenkarbonat-, Chlorid-, Sulfat-, Nitrat-, Mangan- und Kalzium- ionen sowie Grahamsches Salz. Es zeigte sich, daß Grahamsches Salz für die Inhibierung der Kupferkorrosion ungeeignet ist. Das Polyphosphat wirkt korrosionsfördernd. Chlorid-, Nitrat-, Sulfat- und Manganionen erhöhen ebenfalls die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit, während sie durch Hydrogenkarbonationen verringert wird. Eine Temperaturerhöhung führt ebenfalls zu einer Verringerung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit. Bei Mischinstallation Kupfer/unlegierter Stahl bzw. verzinkter Stahl in betriebswasserführenden Anlagen ist daher nicht damit zu rechnen, daß durch Zusatz von Grahamschem Salz eine bestehende Gefahr der kupferinduzierten Kontaktkorrosion beseitigt wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 60 (1988), S. 365-384 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Irradiation of food. Processing of food with ionizing radiation is a method suitable to enhance shelf-life and hygienic quality. Up to a dose of 10 kGy the method is considered wholesome. In many countries the practical use of food irradiation is increasing, however, in the Federal Republic of Germany the process is strictly forbidden. Applications and methods for radiation processing of food are compiled, limits and prospects are explained, and advantages and disadvantages are compared with traditional methods. Identification of irradiated foods and dosimetry and process control for radiation processing of food are areas where further research is needed. Continuous processing of particulate foods in bulk is an application where electron accelerators might be profitable. Beam parameters and velocity distribution of food particles in the treatment area can be matched for an effective result. Thus, dose distribution can be adjusted for homogeneous treatment and at the same time radiation energy is absorbed almost completely. An example of an experimental plant for radiation processing of grain und spices is shown. Decontamination of spices by radiation processing is an alternative to chemical fumigation, which now is widely forbidden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Mikrowärmeübertrager ; Kreuzstrombauweise ; Rippenplatten-Bauweise ; Laminarströmung ; Formdiamant ; Präzisionszerspanung ; Mechanische Mikrofertigung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 60 (1988), S. 1076-1077 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Versuchsplanung ; Modellierung ; Reaktionskinetik ; Parameter-Bestimmung ; Optimierung ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 61 (1989), S. 701-711 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Principles of formation and stability of emulsions. The present state of knowledge concerning the principles of emulsion formation and stability are summarised and new theoretical and experimental results are presented. Also described are the characteristic features of the most common types of machines used for emulsification and the mechanics of droplet disruption in laminar and turbulent flow as well as cavitation. In laminar flow, the minimum droplet size is theoretically determined by the shear stress and regulated by a critical Weber number, provided that the particular emulsifier can rapidly occupy sites on the newly formed interface. If this occupation is inhibited, than only larger droplets can be formed. The upper size limit can be calculated from kinetic considerations. The second part of the paper addresses the fundamentals of emulsion stability and the emulsifier's influence on interactions between dispersed droplets. A way of describing the state of the droplets in an emulsion at rest using a population balance theory is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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