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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actinomycotic osteomyelitis of the skull and atlas with late dissemination (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 316-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Actinomycosis atlas osteomyelitis ; Retropharyngeal abscess
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Actinomycosis of the skull and/or the vertebral colum is extremely rare in previously healthy children and its diagnosis is difficult. A case is reported here involving the occipital bone and the atlas. The disease had started 4 years before diagnosis and presented as a neurosurgical affection in a 13-year-oldgirl. The disease spread towards the retropharyngeal space and probably disseminated to the liver and the lung. Actinomyces israeli grew from cultures. Antibiotic treatment was successful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Antifungal Agents. Part 22. 3-aryl-5-[(aryloxy)alkyl]-3-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-methylisoxazolidines and related derivatives (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 71 (1988), S. 718-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and antifungal activity of a novel series of 3-aryl-5-[(aryloxy)alkyl]-3-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-methyl]-2-methylisoxazolidines and related compounds, are discussed. The synthesis of the title compounds was accomplished via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of α-substituted ketonitrones with l-alkenyl phenyl ethers (Scheme 2 and 3). The compounds were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity in solid agar cultures against a broad variety of yeast and systemic mycoses and dermatophytes. While antifungal activity was evident throughout the series, in general, derivatives having halogen atom(s) in either or both aryl rings demonstrated the highest potency, especially against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans. The dichloro analog 20 (PR 967-248) was found to possess the most useful activity. Its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged between 0.2 and 2.0 μg/ml, as compared to 0.2-20.0 μg/ml for the standard drug ketoconazole (4).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19880710406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Antifungal Agents. Part 25. 1-[(3,5-Bisaryl-2-methylisoxazolidin-3-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazoles (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 71 (1988), S. 1622-1629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and antifungal activity of a novel series of 1-[(3,5-bisaryl-2-methylisoxazolidin-3-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazoles 6 and 7 (i.e. 8-19) are discussed. The preparation of 8-19 was straightforward and highlighted by a regiospecific 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of α-substituted (E)-ketonitrones 4 with appropriate atyrene derivatives 5 that led to a cis/trans-diastereoisomeric mixture of the corresponding triazoles (Scheme). The title compounds were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity in solid agar cultures against a broad array of yeast and systemic mycoses and dermatophytes. The in vivo activity was determined in an immune-compromised mouse model of systemic candidiasis. While the in vitro activity was evident throughout the series, it was moderate in potency. However, some of the triazole derivatives demonstrated a potent in vivo activity comparable to that of the standard drug ketoconazole. Analogue 12 (PR 988-399) emerged as the best overall compound demonstrating potent antifungal activity in both in vitro and in vivo assays.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19880710706
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Valence Rearrangements of Heterocycles. Part 2. A new synthetic approach towards the indole ring system (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 72 (1989), S. 1718-1721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new synthetic approach towards the indole ring system is described. When dimethyl 1-methyl-2-oxa-1-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-ene-3,4-dicarboxylate (6) was refluxed in toluene, the previously known dimethyl 4,5,6,7-tetra-hydro-1-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dicarboxylate (7) was obtained in 71% yield, via a 2,3-dihydroisoxazole-pyrrole rearrangement. After treatment with DDQ, the tetrahydro analogue 7 was converted to the corresponding dimethyl 1-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dicarboxylate (8).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19890720808
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of donor-acceptor complexes on the stereochemistry of alternating copolymers of alkyl vinyl ethers with maleonitrile and fumaronitrile (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 15 (1989), S. 93-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper presents the results of a study of the alternating copolymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers, as electron-donors (D), with maleonitrile and fumaronitrile, respectively, as electronacceptors (A), and a 13C NMR evaluation of the stereochemistry of the copolymers. The results show that the two copolymers are stereochemically different. By use of model compounds as well as UV studies and quantum chemical (PVCILO) calculations, attempts to correlate the relationship of the complex (C) to copolymer structure have been made. We have previously reported studies on copolymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers and N-substituted maleimides. Stereochemical consequences resulting from variation of five parameters, each of which according to Mulliken theory should vary the concentration of C relative to that of the free monomers, in every case, were that the cis-trans ratio of the succinimide unit of the copolymer chain varied in accord with theory, being higher at higher [C].
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.020151989111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibrated radical polymerization of acrylic propionic anhydride as a mono-ene counterpart of acrylic anhydride (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2937-2946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical polymerization of acrylic propionic anhydride (APA) as a mono-ene counterpart of acrylic anhydride (AA) was investigated in order to obtain supporting evidence for a previously proposed mechanism based on polymerization equilibrium for the cyclopolymerization of AA. The deviation from first-order dependence of the rate of polymerization Rp on monomer concentration was enhanced by a decrease in monomer concentration. The Arrhenius plot of lnRp vs. 1/T was clearly curved in a highly dilute system. These results suggest increased significance of the depropagation reaction equilibrated with propagation under polymerization conditions favorable to five-membered ring formation in cyclopolymerization of AA. Under these conditions, the disproportionation reaction of APA became important and the liberated AA was incorporated into the polymer chain through copolymerization with APA, resulting in poly(APA-co-AA) having five-membered anhydride units.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241121
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of polymers via electrophilic aromatic substitution (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 125-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three vinyl monomers, 2,4,6-trimethoxystyrene, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)styrene, and N-methyl-2-vinylpyrrole, were synthesized via the Wittig reaction from the corresponding aldehyes. These monomers were homopolymerized by radical polymerization using α,α′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator at 60°C. The reaction of these polymers with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (phTD) and 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (MeTD) was investigated. Although polytrimethoxystyrene reacts slowly with PhTD at room temperature, the other two polymers react fast and lead to the incorporation of the triazolinedione unit into the side chain of the polymer via electrophilic aromatic substitution. The reaction of bistriazolinediones (BTD) with these polymers was performed in dimethylformamide using 10-20% molar concentration of the BTD. The resulting crosslinked polymers are insoluble in polar as well as nonpolar solvents. Some physical properties of the unmodified and modified polymers were studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncatalyzed polymerization of bistriazolinediones with electron-rich aromatic compounds via electrophilic aromatic substitution (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 217-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of 4-substituted-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones(4R-TD's), i.e., MeTD(4-methyl substituted) and PhTD(4-Phenyl substituted) with electron rich aromatic compounds were investigated. N,N-Dimethylaniline undergoes reaction instantaneously with MeTD and PhTD. Electrophilic aromatic substitution occurred at room temperature at the para position without use of any catalyst. N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-m-phenylenediamine (TMPDA) undergoes reaction with 2 mol of PhTD and MeTD which lead to the formation of 2:1 adducts in high yields. These compounds were fully characterized by IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis and were used as model compounds. The reaction of bistriazolinediones with TMPDA was performed in dimethylformamid at room temperature. The reactions are exothermic, fast, and gave novel polymer structures via electrophilic aromatic substitution. Some physical properties and structural characterization of these new polymers have been studied, and will be reported.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270119
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of tetraallyl ammonium chloride (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 1811-1816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radical polymerization of tetraallyl ammonium chloride (TAAC) was carried out in water using azo-initiator as compared to that of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC); the rate of polymerization was quite low for TAAC, around one-third of DADMAC. Kinetic discussion revealed the importance of degradative chain transfer in the polymerization of TAAC. The cyclopolymerizability of TAAC was estimated kinetically as the ability of 5-membered monocyclic radical to form a bicyclic ring, giving the cyclization constant of 21 mol/L at [M] = 2 mol/L. Gelation occurred at around 20% conversion.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270602
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of N-methylpyrrole with bis-triazolinediones via electrophilic aromatic substitution (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2781-2790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of N-methylpyrrole with 4-substituted-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones (4R-TDs), i.e., MeTD (4-methylsubstituted) and PhTD (4-phenyl substituted), at room temperature without use of any catalyst was investigated. The reaction is instantaneous and leads to the formation of a 2:1 adduct in high yield, with substitution occurring at the 2 and 5 positions of the pyrrole moiety via electrophilic aromatic substitution. These compounds were fully characterized by IR,13C-NMR,1H-NMR, and elemental analysis, and were used as model compounds for the polymerization reaction. The reaction of bis-triazolinediones with N-methylpyrrole was carried out in dimethylformamide at room temperature. The reactions are fast and give novel polymer structures. Some structural characterization and physical properties of these new polymers are reported.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251013
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