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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contribution to the understanding of polyethylene/ionomer/polyamide-6 blends (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 1495-1503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It has been reported that the addition of specific copolymers can improve the mechanical properties of blends of polyethylene with polyamide-6. One of these, a poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMA) containing between 4 and 15 mol % of methacrylic acid units, has often been used. Binary polyethylene/EMA and EMA/polyamide-6 blends were studied with the hope that the role of EMA as a compatibilizer in polyethylene/EMA/polyamide-6 ternary blends might be better understood. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), laser small-angle light scattering, and mechanical property results are discussed. DSC measurements show that one component of the binary blends does not modify the crystallinity of the other. However, laser small-angle light scattering shows that the morphology of the mixtures changes under similar conditions. Tensile properties of polyethylene/EMA binary blends vary linearly as a function of composition, whereas those of EMA/polyamide-6 blends deviate slightly from linearity. These results indicate no interaction between the crystalline components of the mixtures, and weak interactions in the amorphous phase.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760272004
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of transgenic sheep with growth-regulating genes (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 164-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor ; Metallothionein-I ; Lambs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pronuclei of fertilized sheep ova were injected with fusion genes consisting of the mouse metallothionein-I promotor/regulator ligated to either the structural gene for bovine growth hormone (mMTbGH) or to a minigene for human growth hormone-releasing factor (mMThGRF). From a total of 842 sheep ova injected with mMTbGH and transferred into recipient ewes, 47 lambs were born. Two of the lambs were transgenic with mMTbGH, and both had bGH mRNA present in liver, kidney, and gut. In one lamb, plasma growth hormone was as high as 700 ng/ml. From a total of 435 sheep ova injected with mMThGRF and transferred to recipients, 54 lambs were born and 9 fetuses were collected. Nine of the 63 had integrated the mMThGRF gene. One of the nine had high concentrations of immunoassayable hGRF in its plasma and high variable plasma concentrations of ovine growth hormone. The lamb that expressed the hGRF gene did not release GH in response to an hGRF challenge. Four of five fetal offspring of a nonexpressing mMThGRF transgenic ram also contained the mMThGRF gene and, like the sire, failed to express the gene as determined by either liver hGRF mRNA or by plasma hGRF. Growth of the single transgenic lamb expressing hGRF was similar to control lambs. These studies demonstrate efficient introduction of genes into the sheep genome and indicate that transgenes are expressed and heritable.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010304
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibronectin stimulates growth but not follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent differentiation of rat granulosa cells in vitro (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 226-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Since fibronectin is a secretory product of immature rat granulosa cells in culture and may contribute to the follicular microenvironment in vivo, we have studied the effects of this adhesion factor on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-dependent differentiation in short-term (2-3-day) cultures and on growth and protein synthesis in long-term (12-day) cultures. In comparison with cells plated on tissue culture plastic, those plated on an optimal fibronectin-coated substratum showed much greater cell spreading. There were no short-term effects of this morphological change on FSH-stimulation of cyclic AMP production, apparent activities of aromatase or cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzymes, or acquisition of luteinizing hormone (LH) responsiveness in cultured cells. However, progesterone metabolism to 20α-hydroxypregnan-4-en-3-one was increased. Only cultures on fibronectin showed increases between days 3 and 9 in protein (2.5-fold) and DNA (1.4-fold) contents. Cells cultured on fibronectin also showed greater uptake and incorporation of [3H]leucine in comparison with cells cultured on plastic. FSH treatment caused cell aggregation and rounding and delayed the increase in protein content of cells cultured on fibronectin. The results presented demonstrate that the principal direct effect of fibronectin-mediated adhesion on rat granulosa cells is to enhance cell maintenance and growth, while having no generalized action on FSH-dependent differentiation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041320206
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor necrosis factor inhibits the terminal events in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 137 (1988), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Control of the terminal event in cellular differentiation is an important normal regulatory process, and the expression of defects in the control of this process has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. To determine if tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is an important biological response modifier, can inhibit terminal differentiation, we have studied 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells. This experimental cell system was employed because a well-defined series of steps in differentiation has been defined and cells at each stage of differentiation can be isolated. For example, nonterminal differentiated cells can be isolated, and their transition to a terminal differentiation state can be evaluated. The most interesting results in the current studies show that TNF blocks the terminal event in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Inhibition of the terminal event of differentiation by TNF is reversible and is not associated with inhibition of selective or general protein synthesis. Evidence is also presented that cell clones that are defective in their ability to undergo the terminal event in differentiation secrete factor(s) that inhibit the terminal event in differentiation. These observations suggest that the inhibition of the terminal event in differentiation may be mediated via autocrine or paracrine regulatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041370222
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Committed to development Cell Commitment and Differentiation. By N. MACLEAN and B. K. HALL. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1987. Pp. 254. Hb £37.50, $69.50; pb £12.95, $19.95 (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 9 (1988), S. 218-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950090611
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonterminally differentiated cells express decreased growth factor responsiveness (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 139 (1989), S. 68-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells, at least four types of biological states exist that can mediate the control of cell differentiation and/or proliferation. These include the predifferentiation growth arrest state, the nonterminal differentiation state, the terminal differentiation state, and a growth arrest state induced by growth factor/serum deficiency. The current studies were performed to investigate the relative mitogenic responsiveness of cells at these four states and specifically to determine if nonterminally differentiated cells show decreased responsiveness to specific mitogens. Twenty-five different serum, plasma, and growth factor combinations were evaluated. The results show that undifferentiated, growth-arrested cells are highly responsive to numerous mitogens and that by definition terminally differentiated cells are not responsive to any mitogens. In contrast, nonterminally differentiated cells demonstrate a unique pattern of mitogenic responsiveness. Whereas nonterminally differentiated cells can be stimulated to proliferate by high concentrations of serum or plasma supplemented with growth factors, they cannot be stimulated to proliferate by combinations of multiple purified growth factors. These results suggest that the process of nonterminal differentiation is associated with a significant change in factors/cofactors required to stimulate cell proliferation and that these factors/cofactors are present in plasma.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041390111
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of the effects of antimony and tin stabilizer on the fusion characteristics of PVC dryblends (1986)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 8 (1986), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0193-7197
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although the classification of lubricants can be misleading, the classification of their actions is not only possible but very useful. By considering the basic actions which affect PVC dryblend fusion, a better understading of the characteristics and advantages of additives can be realized. The antimony and tin stabilizers used in this study have been characterized by the affects on PVC dryblend fusion. Production extrusion results confirm the laboratory classifications.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730080108
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotic stability in an implantable pump (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 4 (1986), S. 494-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Local administration ; Antibiotics ; Stability ; Pump ; Osteomyelitis ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We measured the stability of vancomycin, amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, and aztreonam in an implantable drug pump. Two pumps were filled with the antibiotic being tested and were incubated at 37° for 3 weeks. Samples were taken daily. At 3 weeks the pumps were disassembled and examined microscopically for signs of deterioration. If the pumps were intact, bioassays were used to quantitate the biologic activity of each daily antibiotic sample. Vancomycin degraded the pump. Amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, and aztreonam had no effect on the pump and maintained their biologic activity over the 3-week period.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100040413
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editor (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 305-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120313
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramedullary bone repair and ingrowth into porous coated implants in the adult chicken: A histologic study and biochemical analysis of collagens (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 7 (1989), S. 316-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Collagen ; Bone ingrowth ; Porous coated prostheses ; Intramedullary bone repair ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new model was developed to study the histologic and biochemical events during intramedullary bone repair and ingrowth into porous coated implants. Adult chickens were used because of the availability of specific antibody probes. Repair in the metaphysis and diaphysis were compared. Entering through a medial arthrotomy, the distal tibiotarsus was reamed and either impianted with a double-ended porous coated rod or allowed to heal without implantation of a rod. Specimens analyzed histologically at 7, 14, 21, and 70 days postoperatively revealed direct formation of bone by osteoblasts with no evidence of a cartilaginous phase. At 70 days bony ingrowth was observed deep within the porous surface. Analysis of collagens with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the synthesis of type I collagen predominated. Biosynthetic data coupled with quantitative immunologic analyses using antibodies to type II and type X collagen showed that neither of these two collagen types, which are characteristic of cartilage undergoing endochondral ossification, were produced during intramedullary bone repair. These results establish that the adult chicken is capable of bony ingrowth into porous coated implants and that this process is through direct bone deposition by osteoblasts without a cartilaginous intermediate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100070303
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