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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 123-131 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Feeding preference ; host plant chemicals ; alkaloids ; stimulants ; deterrents ; Manduca sexta Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des experiences de choix de chenilles oligophages de M. sexta ont été réalisees avec des disques de papier filtre imbiles d'eau ou de solutions des substances allélochimiques dominantes dans les plantes consommées. Sur les six alcaloïdes de solanées examinés: tomatine, tomatidine, solanine, solanocapsine, atropine et nicotine, seuls la tomatine et la solanocapsine ont influé sur le choix; la solanocapsine (5 mM) empêche la prise de nourriture, tandis que la tomatine (1 mM) la stimule légèrement. Aucun effet synergique de la tomatine ou de la tomatidine n'a été observé en présence de sucrose. La réponse à la tomatine est modifiée par la prise de nourriture antérieure. Elle stimule légèrement l'alimentation de chenilles élevées sur tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum), mais dissuade légèrement les chenilles élevées sur Solanum pseudocapsicum. II n'y a pas d'action induite semblable avec les autres alcalïdes examinés, ce qui indique que ces alcaloïdes ne peuvent pas induire par eux-mêmes de préférences pour les plantes qui les contiennent. Des substances allélochimiques non-alcaloïdes: acide chlorogénique, rutine, et 2-tridécanone, influent aussi sur le comportement de choix alimentaire. L'acide chlorogénique est légèrement stimulant à sa concentration naturelle (1 mM), mais fortement dissuasif aux concentrations supérieures. La rutine stimule la prise de nourriture en fonction de sa concentration. Son activité doit être due à sa structure glucosylate, puisqu'aussi bien l'aglycone (quercitine) que la moiteé sucrée (rutinose) sont neutres. La suppression de la partie glucose de la rutine, comme dans le cas de la quercitine, a un effet dissuasif. A sa concentration dans la tomate cultivée (1 mM), le 2-tridécanone est neutre, mais il est fortement dissuasif et toxique à des concentrations supérieures. Le comportement de choix n'est pas modifié par le solanésol, le GABA, et par un mélange de composés végétaux stimulant un consommateur spécifique de solanées, comme le doryphore (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Nous pouvons conclure que les principaux alcaloïdes et autres substances allélochimiques des solanées que nous avons examinés n'interviennent pas d'une façon importante, mais peuvent avoir une influence secondaire, dans les choix alimentaires de Manduca sexta.
    Notes: Abstract Feeding responses of the oligophagous tobacco hornworm to allelochemicals prevalent in their host plants were determined in food choice-tests using filter paper discs laced with a test solution or water (control). Six solanaceous alkaloids, tomatine, tomatidine, solanine, solanocapsine, atropine and nicotine, were tested and only tomatine and solanocapsine were found to influence preference behavior. Solanocapsine (5 mM) deters feeding whereas tomatine (1 mM) stimulates feeding slightly. No synergistic effect of either tomatine or tomatidine with sucrose was found. The responses to tomatine are affected by previous feeding experience. Tomatine slightly stimulates feeding in larvae reared on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), but slightly deters feeding in larvae reared on Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum). Such induced preference is absent for the other alkaloids tested, which indicates that these alkaloids do not by themselves induce preferences for the plants containing them. The non-alkaloid allelochemicals, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and 2-tridecanone also influenced food choice behavior. Chlorogenic acid is slightly stimulatory at its natural concentration (1mM), but strongly deterrent at higher concentrations. Rutin stimulates feeding in a concentration-dependent manner. Its activity must be due to the glycosylated structure, because both the aglycone (quercetin) and the sugar moiety (rutinose) are neutral. Removal of the glucose part of rutin, as in quercitrin, results in feeding deterrent activity. 2-Tridecanone is neutral at its concentration in cultivated tomato (1 mM), but strongly deterrent and toxic at higher concentrations. Preference behavior is not affected by solanesol, GABA, and a mixture of host plant compounds stimulatory for anothe solanaceous-specific feeder, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). We conclude that the prevalent solanaceous alkaloids and other allelochemicals tested do not play important roles in food selection of the tobacco hornworm, although some may make small contributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 191-201 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of crystallinity and radiation crosslinking on the water induced depression of the glass transition temperature in Nylon 4 [poly(2-pyrrolidone)] has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Radiation crosslinking was effective in preventing exothermic events associated with crystallization during the measurement of the incremental change in heat capacity (ΔCp); a parameter necessary for the theoretical evaluation of the depressed glass transition temperature. ΔCp, when normalized to account for fractional crystallinity, was found to deviate substantially from a linear two phase relation. A simple three phase representation of morphology is proposed to account for this deviation, and assumptions have been made regarding the distribution of plasticizer, leading to good agreement between the theoretical and experimentally observed depressions of the glass transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystalline structure and the melting behavior of vinylidene fluoride/vinyl fluoride (VF) copolymers are reexamined. For copolymers containing even a small mole fraction of VF units (≍ 12%) a structure similar to the β-form of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and to the crystalline structure of poly(vinyl fluoride) is stabilized. Combined wide-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric measurements show that in contrast to other vinylidene fluoride copolymers, no crystal-crystal transition below the melting region is present.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 679-693 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The analysis of dielectric loss data is frequently complicated by the presence of ohmic conductivity, especially at lower frequencies. Two simple methods are discussed for locating transition temperatures and for determining activation energies in such cases. In the first method the permittivity derivative [dε′(T)/dT] is used; in the second, permittivity difference spectra ε′(T, v1) - ε′(T, v2) (v1 ≪ v2 are used. The latter technique, however, cannot be used for activation energy determination. The theoretical basis of these methodologies and an analysis of representative experimental data are presented. The data set include measurements of pure and filled polyurethanes and of radiation-cured unsaturated polyester resins. Finally, the advantages of data presentation in the form of ε′ and ε″ instead of tan δ are discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 3241-3249 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new types of p-xylene bis-sulfonium chloride monomers were prepared from cycloalkylene sulfides. The polymerization characteristics of these monomers to form poly(p-xylene sulfonium chlorides), and the thermal elimination reactions of their polymers to poly(p-phenylene vinylene), were compared with those of two monomers prepared from dialkyl sulfides. The cycloalkylene sulfonium chloride monomer polymerized to higher yields and to higher molecular weight polymers, which showed more efficient elimination reactions.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 2345-2357 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of pressure on the miscibility of blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) with a random copolymer of styrene and para-fluorostyrene, P(S-co-p-FS), has been studied by high pressure differential thermal analysis (HPDTA). P(S-co-p-FS) copolymers less than 36 mole % p-FS are miscible with PPO in all proportions irrespective of pressure up to 200 MPa, using the customary criterion of a single calorimetric glass relaxation. P(S-co-p-FS) copolymers containing 40 to 50 mole % p-FS undergo phase separation upon annealing at elevated temperatures, indicating the existence of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In these blends, pressure displaces the phase boundary associated with the LCST to higher temperatures causing an apparent increase in polymer miscibility. The phase diagram for the blend of PPO and P(S-co-p-FS) containing 46 mole % p-FS, shows that the critical composition at about 50 wt % PPO does not change with pressure, but the consolute temperature Tc increases with increasing pressure. The pressure dependence of the LCST (dTc/dP) of this system is about 0.35°C/MPa.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 2793-2804 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Electron diffraction patterns of highly oriented poly(p-phenylene vinylene) films obtained by the soluble polymeric precursor route are interpreted on the basis of a monoclinic unit cell containing two monomer units: c (chain axis) = 0.658 nm, a = 0.790 nm, b = 0.605 nm, α ≃ 123°. The molecules are nearly perfectly oriented along the stretching direction but exhibit partial axial translational disorder.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 25 (1987), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric relaxation in three segmented polyurethane-CaCO3 composites was investigated between -70°C and +150°C in the 300 Hz to 100 kHz frequency range. Two of the polymers contained a polyacetal-polyether soft segment, whereas the soft component of the third polymer was polypropylene oxide. The hard segments consisted of 4,4′-diphenyl methane diisocyanate in two cases and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate in the third case.In parallel studies two calorimetric relaxations, designated α and α′, were observed for each sample and were determined to be glass transitions of the soft and hard segments, respectively. In general, the transition temperatures decrease with increasing filler content. High frequency, low temperature permittivities increase while low frequency, high temperature AC conductivities generally decrease with increasing filler content. The shift in the transition temperatures can be explained using the adsorption theory of filler-polymer interactions and the densities of the samples. The interfacial polarization mechanism becomes important only above the α′ transition temperature and below 1 kHz.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 301-313 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Miscible blends of the aromatic polybenzimidazole, poly(2,2(m-phenylene)-5,5′-benzimidazole) (PBI), and the aromatic polyimide formed from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 3,3′-diaminobenzophenone (LaRC TPI) have been prepared. Blends with PBI were prepared in N,N-dimethylacetamide solution starting with either the polyamic acid or a 95% imidized form of LaRC TPI; the blend was then precipitated into water or cast as films. The mixture was then imidized thermally to obtain PBI/LaRC TPI blends. Evidence for miscibility was obtained in the form of single composition dependent Tg's intermediate between those of the component polymers and single tan δ dynamic mechanical relaxation peaks. The IR spectra displayed shifts in the N—H stretching band, thereby providing evidence for specific interactions related to the miscibility of these two polymers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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