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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cervical disc disease ; Myelography ; Spinal cord compression ; X-ray computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Herniated nuclear material of the cervical disc often perforates the posterior longitudinal ligament. Of 22 patients who were operated on by an anterior approach, 10 were of this type (the subligamentous type of cervical disc protrusion), while in the remaining 12 patients and 15 discs the protruded disc caused no tear in the ligament (the epiligamentous type). Myelography and CT myelography of these patients were reviewed. On CT myelography a localized and sharply demarcated excavation of the metrizamide ring was commonly found in the subligamentous type. Myelographic lateral view in this group shows a moderate or large indentation of the metrizamide column, since the herniated nucleus pulposus sometimes migrates caudally or cephalically. A small myelographic deformity coupled with diffuse excavation of the metrizamide ring on a CT myelogram leads us to the diagnosis of the epiligamentous type of cervical disc protrusion. In such cases, excision of the ligament is unnecessary during exploration of the discs, except when there is marked depression in the posterior longitudinal ligament. Presurgical recognition of both anatomical processes must be stressed for anterior discectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 357-368 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hepatic encephalopathy ; Glutamine synthetase ; Methionine sulfoximine ; Oligodendrocyte ; Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the roles imposed on astrocytes for glutamate metabolism, a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), methionine sulfoximine (MSO), was repeatedly administered to rats and histopathological changes were correlated with glycogen accumulation and the immunocytochemistry of GS and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Prolonged MSO-loading (every 12 h up to three times, 100–150 mg/kg body weight) brought about the appearance of astrocytes with swollen, watery nuclei reminiscent of Alzheimer II glia chiefly in the neocortex, hippocampus and lateral thalamus after 24 h. Concomitantly, profound accumulation of glycogen ensued in the superficial three layers of the neocortex, hippocampus and pyriform cortex. GS immunoreactivity appeared enhanced in the cortex, hippocampus and lateral thalamus with parallel increase in GFAP immunoreactivity after prolonged treatment. Oligodendrocytes in the diencephalon and brain stem also normally contained GS immunoreactivity. Some animals developed necrotic lesions in the dorsolateral neocortex. The area of glycogen accumulation coincided with the known distribution ofN-methyld-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors and, thus, GS may play important roles in NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate metabolism. The Alzheimer II type changes, however, did not correlate with NMDA-receptor distribution. These results indicate certain regionalizations in the roles of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in glutamate and ammonia metabolisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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