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  • 1985-1989  (16)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 6544-6552 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has previously been shown that neutral ligands clustered to an alkali ion can react with other neutrals. In fact, the presence of the alkali ion greatly enhances the rate of the corresponding neutral–neutral reaction. Several more reactions that exhibit this phenomenon have been identified experimentally, with rate enhancements ranging from 4 to 30 orders of magnitude. Three possible explanations for the rate enhancement have been explored. Ab initio calculations have been carried out to supplement the experimental measurements and to provide further insight into the mechanism. The calculations indicate that bonding the neutral to the alkali ion causes structural rearrangements that shift the geometry of the neutral molecule toward its transition state geometry in the corresponding neutral–neutral reaction, thereby lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 1215-1227 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation spectrum of SO+2 corresponding to the process SO+2 +hν→SO++O has been measured on a triple quadrupole system for the wavelength ranges: 3000–3400 and 4400–5120 A(ring). The spectrum in the visible has been assigned to the C˜ 2B1←A˜ 2A2 transition and vibrational structure analyzed to yield λ00=4187 A(ring), the harmonic vibrational frequencies ν˜'1=953 cm−1, ν˜''2=499 cm−1, ν˜'1=767 cm−1, and ν˜2 =410 cm−1, and the anharmonicity constants X‘11 =−6.3 cm−1, X''12 =−6.1 cm−1, X‘22 =−4.2 cm−1, X12 =−6.3 cm−1, and X'22 =−7.4 cm−1. Apparent photodissociation cross sections ranged from ∼1×10−20–1.6×10−19 cm2 in the visible spectrum. In the UV spectrum the highly congested vibrational structure could not be resolved sufficiently for analysis; photodissociation cross sections ranged from ∼2–4×10−19 cm2 with broad bands roughly corresponding to expected progression in ν1 and ν'2 within the C˜ 2B1←X˜ 2A1 electronic transition. The process SO+2 +hν→S++O2 showed an onset near 3108 A(ring) and the corresponding photodissociation spectrum showed sufficient vibrational structure to yield ν˜''2∼454 cm−1, ν˜'1 ∼955 cm−1, and ν˜2 ∼411 cm−1. This new process, which had σ≤3×10−20 cm2, was proposed to result from the D˜ 2B2←X˜ 2A1 transition. Several new photodissociation cross section measurements on N2O+ have also been made in the vicinities of 3381 and 4880 A(ring), taking advantage of the high sensitivity (→10−21 cm2) of the triple quadrupole system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 6728-6731 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the flowing afterglow/Langmuir probe (FALP) technique, we have determined (at variously 300 and 570 K) the dissociative attachment coefficients β for the reactions of electrons with the common acids HNO3 (producing NO−2) and H2SO4 (HSO−4), the superacids FSO3H (FSO−3), CF3SO3H (CF3SO−3), ClSO3H (ClSO−3,Cl−), the acid anhydride (CF3SO2)2O (CF3SO−3), and the halogen halides HBr (Br−) and HI (I−). The anions formed in the reactions are those given in the parentheses. The reactions with HF and HCl were investigated, but did not occur at a measurable rate since they are very endothermic. Dissociative attachment is rapid for the common acids, the superacids, and the anhydride, the measured β being appreciable fractions of the theoretical maximum β for such reactions, βmax. The HI reaction is very fast ( β∼βmax) but the HBr reaction occurs much more slowly because it is significantly endothermic. The data indicate that the extreme acidity of the (Bronsted-type) superacids has its equivalence in the very efficient gas-phase dissociative attachment which these species undergo when reacting with free electrons. The anions of the superacids generated in these reactions, notably FSO−3 and CF3SO−3, are very stable (unreactive) implying exceptionally large electron affinities for the FSO3 and CF3SO3 radicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 5553-5560 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ion source pressure on the cross sections for photodissociation of SO+2 has been measured systematically at λirr =4735 and 4795 A(ring). Using a Stern–Volmer treatment modified to account for the dependence of source residence time on pressure, rate constants have been measured for quenching the A˜ 2A2 (v1,v2=3,3) and A˜ 2A2(v1,v2=3,0) states of SO+2 by N2O, SO2, CO2, and N2. With SO2 and N2O as quenchers the rate constants range between 1.0 and 6.5 times the theoretical thermal capture rate constants ("Langevin limit''). The occurrence of several resonant and many near-resonant charge transfer processes is proposed to explain the unusually large rate constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 4772-4778 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vibrational quenching rate constants have been measured for NO+(v〉0) ions with 15 neutral quenching molecules by the SIFDT-monitor ion technique. The temperature dependence of the quenching rate constants for the reactions of the neutrals N2, CO2, and CH4 has been investigated from 208 to 450 K. The dependence of the CH4 quenching rate constant on collision energy has been determined in the energy range 0.03–0.12 eV at 208 and 296 K. Also measured are rate constants for some of the reactions pertinent to the monitor ion technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 2469-2477 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report here the first measurements of rate constants involving cluster ions with more than five ligands. We have measured rate constants, or lower limits to rate constants, for the reactions of H+(H2O)n=2–11 with NH3, CH3CN, CH3OH, CH3COCH3, and C5H5N (pyridine). The experimental techniques needed to study these ions and neutrals at low temperatures are described. The reactions all proceed rapidly by proton transfer with varying degrees of ligand transfer. At low temperatures the rate constants are larger than the collision rate constant based on an ion–dipole potential. Reasons for this are examined. Thermal dissociation appears to control the size distribution of the primary ion clusters and to affect the observed product distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 5855-5856 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 6811-6811 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 4848-4852 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A technique for measuring the rotational temperature dependences of gas phase ion–molecule rate constants is presented. The technique involves measuring the kinetic energy dependences of the rate constants at several temperatures in a variable temperature selected ion flow drift tube. For a monatomic ion, comparing the rate constants at the same center of mass kinetic energy at different temperatures yields the dependence of the rate constant on the internal temperature of the reactant neutral. For neutrals in which the vibrational modes are inactive at the temperatures of the experiment, the internal energy dependence is the rotational temperature dependence. Two examples are presented here, one in which rotational energy significantly influences the rate constants, approximately T−0.5, and one in which it does not. Implications for past drift tube experiments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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