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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of Schwann cells with CNS axons in regions containing normal astrocytes (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: CNS ; PNS ; Demyelination ; Schwann cells ; Astrocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary On occasions retinal axons can be myelinated elinated by Schwann cells. In the present experiments cultured autologous Schwann cells were injected into the optic disc of adult cats and the extent of Schwann cell myelination determined. Little if any Schwann cell myelination of retinal ganglion cell axons developed. Schwann cells were also injected into lesions in the cerebral cortex induced by ethidium bromide. In this site some Schwann cell remyelination was detected, but it was restricted to areas next to regions of malacia induced by the injection procedure. It was concluded that astrocyte responses, limit Schwann cell myelination and remyelination in normal tissue by excluding Schwann cells from the CNS compartment, and induce changes in chronically demyelinated and amyelinated axons which may affect myelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688052
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on demyelinating lesions induced by Theiler's virus in CBA mice (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 581-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Theiler's virus ; Demyelination ; Oligodendrocytes ; Encephalomyelitis ; Demyelinating disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord of CBA mice infected with the BeAn strain of Theiler's virus to see if it was possible to document the sequence of changes which result in demyelination. It was found that the lesions which develop in the late stages of the disease were progressive. Therefore, by examining the different zones of a single lesion, it was possible to follow a sequence of changes which lead to demyelination. There was a clear progression from normal myelin, to vacuolated myelin, to myelin phagocytosis, to demyelinated axons, to remyelinated axons. Virus was detected in degenerating oligodendrocytes in the area showing myelin vacuolation by both electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, a finding which indicated that virus infection precedes demyelination. The area of normal myelin which surrounded the zone of vacuolated myelin was infiltrated by lymphocytes, indicating that lymphocytic infiltration preceded viral replication and oligodendrocyte degeneration. Our observations indicate that cells of the immune system may play a role in the initiation of virus replication which appears to be a prerequisite for demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689596
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of oligodendrocyte infection and degeneration in canine distemper encephalomyelitis (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 550-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Demyelination ; Morbillivirus ; Oligodendrocyte ; Encephalomyelitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Canine distemper encephalomyelitis is an important neurological disease of the dog and is also of comparative medical interest. With some viral strains, demyelinating encephalomyelitis is seen; whether or not oligodendrocyte infection occurs has remained controversial. By examining very early white matter lesions unequivocal oligodendrocyte infection has been identified. Accordingly the direct effect of virus on oligodendrocyte viability must be weighed in considering the pathogenesis of this canine CNS infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687258
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between type-1 astrocytes, Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes following transplantation of glial cell cultures into demyelinating lesions in the adult rat spinal cord (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 18 (1989), S. 519-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Remyelination of ethidium bromide induced areas of demyelination in the adult rat spinal cord is normally carried out by Schwann cells. When CNS cultures containing large numbers of oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursors and type-1 astrocytes were injected into such lesions 3 days after the injection of ethidium bromide, remyelination was carried out by oligodendrocytes. When cultures deficient in type-1 astrocytes, prepared by shaking off and subculturing top-dwelling cells, were used there was only a modest increase in the extent of oligodendrocyte remyelination over that seen in uninjected lesions; the majority of axons being remyelinated by Schwann cells. To prove that these Schwann cells were mainly locally derived, shaken cultures were injected into lesions prepared in areas of the spinal cord locally X-irradiated with 40 Grays to inhibit host repair. In these animals the extent of oligodendrocyte remyelination achieved was similar to that seen when unshaken cultures (rich in type-1 astrocytes) were injected into lesions made in non-irradiated tissue. These results indicate that type-1 astrocytes control Schwann cell remyelination of CNS axons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474547
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on wallerian degeneration in explant cultures of cat sciatic nerve (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 15 (1986), S. 471-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wallerian degeneration was studiedin vitro using explant cultures of cat sciatic nerve. As these cultures contain no macrophages they highlight the responses of Schwann cells to myelin sheath breakdown. Although there were regional variations in the changes observed in these cultures with respect to time, the sequence of events which lead to Schwann cell proliferation and to fragmentation and liberation of myelin debris into the endoneurial space was established. The initial event was rejection of myelin sheaths by Schwann cells. Liberated Schwann cells then proliferated within the basal lamina tube. In nerve fibres containing proliferating Schwann cells, myelin debris passed through breaks in the basal lamina tube into the endoneurial space. Schwann cells also escaped from the basal lamina tube with the myelin debris. Following the loss of the luminal contents the basal lamina tube collapsed and the intratubular Schwann cells formed bands of Büngner. The Schwann cells which migrated into the endoneurial space and subsequently onto the culture dish retained contact with each other. These studies indicate that rejection of myelin internodes by their supporting Schwann cells set in train a series of events in which Schwann cells and degenerating myelin behaved as separate components. Schwann cells were not involved in phagocytosis or degeneration of myelin. We conclude that Schwann cell proliferation in Wallerian degeneration is directed towards re-establishing cellular continuity within the basal lamina tube which is lost when Schwann cells reject their myelin sheaths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611730
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the migratory behaviour of Schwann cells from adult peripheral nerve expiant cultures (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 16 (1987), S. 423-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The migration of Schwann cells from adult sciatic nerve explant cultures has been examined by time-lapse photomicrography. Analysis of Schwann cell migratory behaviour indicates that the initial outwandering by individual Schwann cells was random. Although chance cell-cell contacts resulted in temporary immobilization of pairs of cells, stable multicellular structures did not form during this initial phase. As local cell densities increased, Schwann cells assembled networks within which Schwann cell movement continued to be observed. A second form of Schwann cell outgrowth was observed from degenerating fibres in which arrays of highly oriented Schwann cells migrated away from their basal laminai tubes onto the culture dish. These observations of Schwann cell random migration, network self-assembly and coordinated extratubal migration are considered to highlight aspects of Schwann cell behaviour, independent of axonal influences, which may have relevance to their role in peripheral nerve repair following nerve section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611352
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary hyperoxaluria andl-glyceric aciduria in the cat (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 11 (1988), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01804239
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymological characterization of a feline analogue of primary hyperoxaluria type 2: a model for the human disease (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 12 (1989), S. 403-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper concerns an enzymological investigation into a putative feline analogue of the human autosomal recessive disease primary hyperoxaluria type 2. The hepatic activities ofd-glycerate dehydrogenase, using bothd-glycerate and hydroxypyruvate as substrates, and glyoxylate reductase, which are the deficient enzyme activities in human primary hyperoxaluria type 2, were markedly depleted in four affected cats (0–6% of controls). The activities of a number of other enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase,d-amino acid oxidase, aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, glutamate: glyoxylate aminotransferase and alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase (the deficient enzyme in primary hyperoxaluria type 1) were unaltered. The intracellular distribution ofd-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase in cat liver was shown to be cytosolic, as they are in human liver. The activities ofd-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase were determined in unaffected related cats and putative heterozygotes were identified. The correlation betweend-glycerate dehydrogenase and glyoxylate reductase activities in the related cats and their combined deficiency in the affected cats confirmed previous suggestions that they are identical gene products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01802035
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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