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  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-induced etching of Si with chlorine (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 2321-2326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photo-induced dry etching of silicon with chlorine is studied by measuring mass spectra and time-of-flight (TOF) distributions of the particles desorbed from a chlorinated target during irradiation with 308- and 248-nm photons. The detected masses are Si, SiCl, SiCl2, and SiCl3. The measured TOF spectra can be fitted with Maxwell–Boltzmann-like distributions. The temperatures obtained by these fits depend on laser power and chlorine pressure. A higher laser power or gas pressure results in a higher temperature. Activation energies for desorbing Cl, SiCl, and SiCl2 are obtained. Possible mechanisms to explain the results will be discussed. Etching of rough silicon is much more efficient than the etching of polished silicon. The maximum etch rate obtained is 30 A(ring) per laser pulse. No difference is found between p- and n-type silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337142
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A time-of-flight study of the neutral species produced by nanosecond laser etching of CuCl at 308 nm (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3746-3749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A time-of-flight (TOF) study of the particles leaving a CuCl target after irradiation by 15 ns laser pulses at 308 nm is performed. It is shown that the ejected species are Cl, Cu, CuCl, Cu2Cl, Cu2Cl2, and Cu3Cl3. The majority of the products consists of CuCl. The TOF spectra can be fitted by the sum of two contributions: a Maxwell–Boltzmann (MB) and a Gaussian-type (G) distribution. The MB distribution has a temperature of T=6000 K for all masses. The average energy and the standard deviation in the energy of the G contributions are typical for every individual product. The results strongly suggest that the MB contribution is due to a single photon-induced process, whereas the G contribution originates from a multiphoton and/or a multistep process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337585
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of sputtering of Si in a Cl2 environment by ions with energies down to 75 eV (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sputtering of Si in a Cl2 environment by Ar+ and Xe+ ions with energies down to 75 eV has been investigated. Mass spectra and time-of-flight distributions of the sputtered species have been measured. Under 75-eV Ar+-ion bombardment of the Si target, SiCl, SiCl2, SiCl3, and/or SiCl4 are sputtered. When increasing the ion energy the SiCl4 contribution decreases in comparison with SiCl. This is caused by the fact that the newly formed Si-Cl compounds are sputtered at a high rate compared to the rate of SiCl4 formation. Time-of-flight distributions indicate that under 100-eV Ar+-ion bombardment the species are not sputtered by a collision-cascade mechanism. The spectra can be fitted by Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions at a high (〉2000 K) temperature. Increasing the Ar+-ion energy to approximately 250 eV the time-of-flight spectra of the sputtered species change from Maxwell–Boltzmann-like into spectra as expected for a collision-cascade mechanism. For low-energy Xe+ ion bombardment the sputtered species also show Maxwell–Boltzmann time-of-flight distributions. The change from Maxwell–Boltzmann to collision-cascade distributions occurs at higher ion energies than for Ar+-ion bombardment. The results obtained for low ion energies are discussed in terms of evaporation from an ion-induced hot spot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341429
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of lactic acid treatment during processing on the sensory quality and lactic acid content of fresh broiler chickens (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 24 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbial decontamination by lactic acid treatment during processing of fresh broiler chickens is an effective way to produce a safer product with good keeping quality. It remained to be assessed whether such a treatment adversely affects the organoleptic quality of the product. Lactic acid treatment results in an increased acid concentration in the skin, with no increase in lactic acid concentration in the underlying muscle tissue. Differences in sensory quality were only found in appearance of the carcasses, the controls being identified as discoloured. A preference test did not show any difference in lactic acid treated and untreated grilled legs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb00614.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the luminescence of Cs2NaGdCl6 (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 7312-7316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The luminescence properties of Cs2 NaGdCl6 are reported. In the emission, as well as the excitation spectra of the Gd3+ luminescence, vibronic lines are present due to coupling with the ν3 , ν4, and ν6 vibrational modes of the GdCl3−6 octahedron. The magnetic–dipole character of the zero-phonon transitions is confirmed by the long decay time of the 6 P7/2 emission. Energy migration among the Gd3+ ions is absent, due to the large distance (7.6 A(ring)) between nearest-neighbor Gd3+ ions. The emission from two extrinsic Gd3+ ions shows a coupling with the O–H stretching and bending modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454342
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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