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  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Messenger RNA from the Cerebral Cortex of Control and Alzheimer-Afflicted Brain (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A detailed comparative study of RNA transcripts isolated from the neocortex of control and Alzheimer postmortem brains was made to determine whether morphological changes in the chromatin of Alzheimer neurons and glia, which we reported earlier, are accompanied by changes in the products of transcription. A number of parameters were determined including the yields of total and mRNA per gram of tissue, the relative proportions of polyadenylated [poly(A) +] mRNA in the total RNA, the size distribution of the transcripts and the length of their poly(A) tails, and the nature of their in vitro translation products. The levels of endogenous RNase activity were also measured. The effect of the agonal process on the transcript complement was examined by Northern blotting of a cloned human heat-shock cDNA to total human brain RNA. Our results reveal that the yields of total RNA, unadenylated mRNA, and poly(A) tail lengths from Alzheimer neocortex samples do not differ significantly from those of control and non Alzheimer dementia neocortex. On the other hand we find a significant reduction in the levels and proportion of poly(A)+ mRNA in the Alzheimer samples as compared to control brain samples. Quantitative rather than qualitative differences were observed in the in vitro translation products when programmed with control and Alzheimer mRNA. No differences were found in the levels of RNase activity between control and Alzheimer simples. Heatshock mRNA transcripts were detected in brain samples from patients in whom fever was associated with death. The direct correlation of reduced poly(A)+ mRNA and chromatin condensation in Alzheimer neocortex suggests a cause-and-effect relationship. Whether all transcribed genes are affected or only a specific subset has yet to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00708.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of kinship on seventeenth-century immigration to Canada (1989)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Continuity and change 4 (1989), S. 79-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-4160
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Sociology
    Notes: Im 17. Jahrhundert kamen etwa 15.000 französische Einwanderer nach Kanada, von denen ein Drittel für immer in der Kolonie blieb. Wie so häufig, handelte es sich in der Mehrzahl um unverheiratete junge Männer, zwischen denen jedoch gleichzeitig feste Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen bestanden, von einfachen Geschwistergruppenbis hin zu Gruppen, die mehrere Familien umfaßten. Fast 25 Prozent der Männer und 40 Prozent der Frauen waren mit wenigstens einem weiteren Einwanderer verwandt.Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß die Ankunft solcher verwandter Einwanderer von Fluktuationen bestimmt war, die offensichtlich auf den Einfluß der französischen Regierungspolitik zurückzuführen sind. Darüberhinaus scheinen aber auch die Familienbande selbst die Ankunft von Einwanderern begünstigt zu haben, insbesondere dann, wenn die Rekrutierung der Ankömmlinge auf private Initiative zurückging. Andererseits waren die bestehenden Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen für den Entschluß, sich in Neufrankreich niederzulassen, wohl weniger ausschlaggebend. Vielmehr scheinen dafür die neugeschaffenen Familienbande, die in der Kolonie selbst durch Heirat zwischen Einwanderern oder deren Kindern entstanden waren, wichtiger gewesen zu sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S026841600000360X
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planning acute psychiatric services: A survey of current practice (1985)
    Springer
    Community mental health journal 21 (1985), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2789
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several factors have combined to make planning for acute psychiatric inpatient services an important concern of health planners. We report on a nationwide survey of the planning methods used by state health planning agencies to certify need for acute psychiatric services. The results indicate that very few state agencies have developed sophisticated planning methods. The majority use simple bed-to-population ratios, which vary widely from state to state, or rely on past utilization to predict future demands. One-fourth of the states have no method for determining need. The implications of these findings for informed, meaningful planning of psychiatric services are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00754367
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enterocytic differentiation and glucose utilization in the human colon tumor cell line Caco-2: Modulation by forskolin (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 123 (1985), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The human colon cancer line Caco-2 exhibits after confluency a concomitant increase of glycogen accumulation and an enterocytic differentiation. The purpose of this work was to investigate whether forskolin (FK), an activator of adenylate cyclase, would induce a permanent glycogenolysis and, if so, whether it would result in modifications of the differentiation pattern of the cells. FK activates adenylate cyclase in Caco-2 cells with an ED50 of 7 × 10-6M. Three different treatment protocols with FK (10-5M) were applied: (1) the cells were treated during all the time in culture (20 days); (2) the treatment was started after confluency; (3) the treatment was interrupted after confluency. The presence of FK results in a permanent stimulation of cAMP accumulation (10 to 20 fold the basal values) and in a permanently reduced glycogen content (30 to 50% of the control values). The rates of glucose consumption are increased three and five fold in protocols 1 and 3 respectively. These metabolic changes are associated with morphological changes (tightening of the intercellular spaces and shortening of the brush border microvilli) and with a dual inhibition of the activities of brush border hydrolases: (a) an inhibition of the post-confluent increase of activity of sucrase, aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase in the brush border enriched fraction; (b) an inhibition of the post-confluent increase of activity of sucrase in the cell homogenate. A comparison of the results obtained in each protocol shows that the morphological modifications and the decrease of the enzyme activities in the brush border fraction are regularly associated with an increased cAMP accumulation, whereas the inhibition of the differentiation of sucrase is a direct consequence of the increase in glucose consumption and decrease in glycogen stores.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041230313
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enterocytic differentiation of a subpopulation of the human colon tumor cell line HT-29 selected for growth in sugar-free medium and its inhibition by glucose (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 122 (1985), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to study the effect of glucose on the differentiation of cultured human colon cancer cells, a subpopulation of HT-29 cells was selected for its capacity to grow in the total absence of sugar. These cells (GIc-cells) exhibit, after confluency, an enterocytic differentiation, in contrast to cells grown with glucose (Glc+ cells), which always remain undifferentiated. The differentiation is characterized by a polarization of the cell layer with apical brush borders and tight junctions, and by the presence of sucrase-isomaltase. The differentiation of Glc-cells is reversible: the addition of glucose to postcon-fluent cultures of Glc- cells results in an inhibiting effect on the expression of sucrase-isomaltase; switching growing cultures of Glc-cells to the Glc+ medium for several passages results in a progressive reversion to the undifferentiated state, which is completed after seven passages. The dedifferentiation process is associated with a parallel, passage-related, increase in the rates of glucose consumption and lactic acid production, and decreases of intracellular glycogen content, which return to the values of the undifferentiated original Glc+ cells. The values of these metabolic parameters are correlated, at each passage, with the degree of dedifferentiation of the cells. When these dedifferentiated cells, after having been cultured in Glc+ medium for 20 passages, are switched back to the Glc- medium, they readily grow without mortality, and reexpress the same enterocytic differentiation as the parent Glc- cells. These results show that the capacity of this subpopulation to grow and differentiate in the absence of sugar is a stable characteristic. They further suggest that glucose metabolism interferes with the program of differentiation of HT-29 cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041220105
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