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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychophysiological reactivity in Type A and B women during a rapid information processing task (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Type A ; Type A questionnaire ; ‘need for control’ (NC) ; rapid information processing ; performance ; psychophysiological reactivity ; personality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Type A and Type B women assessed by a newly developed German questionnaire ‘need for control’ (NC) were compared with respect to time-pressured information processing performance and to simultaneously recorded psychophysiological reactivity. The task was computer controlled, monetarily reinforced and subject paced. The physiological measurements included the cardiovascular parameters, ECG and finger plethysmographic amplitudes and the noncardiovascular parameters, EMG (frontal muscle), skin conductance reactivity, and respiration. NC-Type A and Type B women did not differ in performance, but the Type As showed stronger vasoconstrictive responses to the task than did the Type Bs. Other physiological intergroup differences were not seen. In addition, the Type As scored significantly higher in nervousness and irritability and marginally higher in depression, reactive aggressivity and neuroticism than did the Type Bs. This particular pattern of NC-Type A/B differences is discussed with regard to relevant differences observed by other studies between SI and JAS Type As and Bs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952429
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of puffing behavior along burning time of a cigarette — No relation to alveolar inhalation or nicotine delivery of the cigarettes? (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cigarette smoking ; Tobacco ; Nicotine titration ; Smoke satiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The curves of the cumulative smoke volumes (CSV), as determined by the number of puffs, the puff intervals, the single puff durations, and puff volumes, of 108 nondeprived smokers who smoked two personal brand cigarcttes revealed statistically distinct clusters. Pronounced nonlinear increases in the puff intervals and modest decreases in the puff volumes were seen generally, but they varied in extent between clusters as did the number of puffs and estimated mouth intake of nicotine. Most clusters (representing 80% of the smokers) did not deviate significantly from a linear development of the CSV curves, and those that did were characterized by particularly short puff intervals. Most of the subjects moved from the first to the second cigarette into clusters of similar shapes. However, none of these conclusions showed any relation either to the nicotine yield of the cigarettes or to the pre- to postsmoking Δ tidal CO. It was therefore concluded that the sensory consequences of the physicochemical changes in smoke composition between the first and last puff or other as yet unknown psychological factors are more likely candidates than nicotine satiation for explaining the typical changes in puffing behavior along burning time of a cigarette.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431692
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of smoking deprivation on smoking behavior and heart rate response in high and low CO absorbing smokers (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Smoker typology ; CO absorption ; Nicotine dependence ; Nicotine heart-rate tolerance ; Smoking deprivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Short-term deprivation effects on smoking-induced heart rate response and smoking behavior were compared in consistently high and low CO absorbing smokers, suggested to depend differentially on smoking and/or nicotine. The subjects came to the laboratory for two afternoon sessions and smoked at 1 p.m. and at 5 p.m. both after previous free smoking and following afternoon or overnight-morning deprivation. Overnight-morning deprivation decreased presmoking heart rate in both groups similarly, but it increased heart rate response to smoking more in the high than low CO absorbers. Single cigarette tidal CO boosts concomitantly decreased in the high CO absorbers and remained at the habitually low level among the low CO absorbers. Afternoon deprivation had no effects on presmoking heart rate, presmoking tidal CO concentration and tidal CO boost, but increased the heart rate response to smoking in the high CO absorbers. Smoking need and satisfaction as well as puff volume and duration tended to increase after both deprivations slightly more among the high than low CO absorbers. These results are discussed in terms of a differential development of acute tolerance to nicotine in the two groups of smokers which dissipates during smoking abstinence periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176479
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can smoking increase attention in rapid information processing during noise? Electrocortical, physiological and behavioral effects (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Information processing ; Smoking ; Noise ; EEG ; Event-related potentials ; Cardiovascular ; Endocrinology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the effects of smoking on subject-paced visual rapid information processing performance (RIP) under the influence of disturbing noise. The RIP taks required the subjects to detect triads of even or odd digits within a pseudorandom sequence of single digits presented on a screen. Two groups of 12 female habitual smokers who were not allowed to smoke during the last 10 h preceding the test sessions underwent two test sessions each consisting of two RIP trials separated by a smoking period (habitual cigarette) for one group and by a relaxation period without smoking for the second group. Noise disturbance was presented during the second RIP trial of one of the two sessions only. Smoking increased RIP performance, but noise failed to show any measurable effect. EEG analyzed during RIP revealed the expected noise-induced decrease in alpha power. ERP analyses showed a smoking-induced decrease in the CNV-related negativity but no noise effects. The late positive wave (LP) increased after smoking, but to a lesser extent under the noise condition. The analyses of peripheral physiological measures revealed smoking-and noise-induced heart rate acceleration and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Plasma cortisol, prolactin and HGH were also increased after the noise session. The results indicate therefore that smoking increased RIP, whereas noise failed to affect mental performance, although it produced measurable vegetative stress effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442009
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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