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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen turnover by psychrotrophic homoacetogenic and mesophilic methanogenic bacteria in anoxic paddy soil and lake sediment (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 62 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of temperature on CH4 production, turnover of dissolved H2, and enrichment of H2-utilizing anaerobic bacteria was studied in anoxic paddy soil and sediment of Lake Constance. When anoxic paddy soil was incubated under an atmosphere of H2/CO2, rates of CH4 production increased 25°C, but decreased at temperatures lower than 20°C. Chloroform completely inhibited methano-genesis in anoxic paddy soil and lake sediment, but did not or only partially inhibit the turnover of dissolved H2, especially at low incubation temperatures. Cultures with H2 as energy source resulted in the enrichment of chemolithotrophic homoacetogenic bacteria whenever incubation temperatures were lower than 20°C. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens could only be enriched at 30°C from anoxic paddy soil. A homoacetogen
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03382.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytische Daten des neuen Benzodiazepinderivates Midazolam (Dormicum) und seiner Metaboliten (1985)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 94 (1985), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Midazolam, analytical data ; Dormicum, analytical data ; Midazolam, analytische Daten ; Dormicum, analytische Daten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Arbeit werden analytische Daten zum Nachweis von Midazolam, α-Hydroxi-midazolam, 4-Hydroxi-midazolam and α,4-Dihydroxi-midazolam sowie wichtige pharmakokinetische Eigenschaften mitgeteilt. Weiterhin wird über die Extraktion aus biologischem Material berichtet.
    Notes: Summary The article describes analytical data for the detection of midazolam, α-hydroxymidazolam, 4-hydroxymidazolam and α, 4-dihydroxymidazolam, as well as important pharmacokinetic properties. Extraction from biological specimens is also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204083
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening tetrazyklischer Benzodiazepine mittels EMIT-st (Benzodiazepines) und TDx (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 99 (1987), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Tetracyclic benzodiazepines, screening ; EMIT-st, benzodiazepines ; TDx, benzodiazepines ; Tetrazyklische Benzodiazepine, Screening ; EMIT-st, Benzodiazepine ; TDx, Benzodiazepine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Arbeit werden Schwellenwert-Bereiche und Nachweisgrenzen für das Screening tetrazyklischer Benzodiazepine (Adinazolam, Alprazolam, Brotizolam, Estazolam, Loprazolam, Midazolam und Triazolam sowie zahlreiche Metaboliten) mittels EMIT-st und TDx-System (FPIA) mitgeteilt. In den meisten Fällen sind die Kreuzreaktivitäten für beide Systeme vergleichbar, aber andererseits wurden auch beträchtliche Ausnahmen beobachtet. Die Nachweisgrenzen liegen hauptsächlich im Bereich zwischen 0,2 und 0,5 mg/l, in einigen Fällen aber auch beträchtlich höher. Die Präzision in der Serie liegt bei 1,1% (TDx) bzw. 16,5% (EMIT-st), die Präzision von Tag zu Tag bei 4,7% (TDx) bzw. 12,6% (EMIT-st).
    Notes: Summary The article reports threshold ranges and detection limits for the screening of tetracyclic benzodiazepines (adinazolam, alprazolam, brotizolam, estazolam, loprazolam, midazolam, triazolam and many metabolites) using the EMIT-st and TDx system (FPIA). In most cases, the cross reactivities of the two systems are comparable, but there are also remarkable differences. Detection limits are mainly in the range between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l but, in some cases, the limits are also considerably higher. The withinday precision is 1.1% (TDx) and 16.5% (EMIT-st); day-to-day precision is 4.7% (TDx) and 12.6% (EMIT-st), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201249
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modern screening strategies in analytical toxicology with special regard to new benzodiazepines (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 100 (1988), S. 19-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Screening, benzodiazepines ; Benzodiazepines ; R f c values, benzodiazepines ; Retention index benzodiazepines ; Immunological methods, benzodiazepines ; Screening, Benzodiazepine ; R f c -Werte, Benzodiazepine ; Retentionsindex, Benzodiazepine ; Immunologische Methoden, Benzodiazepine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die ständig zunehmende Zahl toxikologisch relevanter Fremdstoffe erfordert leicht praktikable aber dennoch empfindliche und aussagekräftige Screeningverfahren, um im Rahmen der General-Unknown-Analyse möglichst rash gezielte Hinweise auf eine bestimmte Substanz oder eine ganze Wirkstoffgruppe zu erhalten. Die Senatskommission für Klinisch-toxikologische Analytik der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft hat in Zusammenarbeit mit der TIAFT (The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists) bereits vor längerer Zeit die Aufgabe übernommen, solche Screeningkonzepte zu überprüfen, weiter zu entwickeln und verläßliches Datenmaterial zur Verfügung zu stellen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden zunächst die Konzepte des korrigierten R f c -Wertes in der Dünnschichtchromatographie, des Retentionsindex in der Gaschromatographie sowie wichtiger immunologischer Verfahren zum Screening beschrieben, um die prinzipielle Arbeitsweise der verschiedenen Methoden zu veranschaulichen. Neben diesen methodischen werden jedoch auch stoffliche Aspekte berücksichtigt: Für Neuentwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Benzodiazepine, einer immer noch rasch expandierenden Stoffklasse, wurde umfangreiches Datenmaterial erarbeitet und zusammengestellt. Einige dieser Benzodiazepine lassen sich in bestehende Screeningprogramme (z.B. über Benzophenone und Bratton-Marshall-Detektion) integrieren, andere können nur über die R f c -Werte erfaßt werden. Schwierigkeiten und Vorschläge für ihre Beseitigung werden auch im Zusammenhang mit den immunologischen Verfahren aufgezeigt bzw. diskutiert. Weiterhin werden einige Aspekte der Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) und der Massenspektrometrie (MS) im Zusammenhang mit Screeningfragen angesprochen. Der Beitrag schließt mit Empfehlungen zum Einsatz der einzelnen Methoden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Benzodiazepin-Screenings.
    Notes: Summary Screening procedures for the detection of toxicologically relevant substances have become of ever-increasing importance due to the rapid development of new substances. Identification methods must be simple, sensitive, and practicable. This article describes standardized chromatographical (corrected R f c values, retention indices) and immunological methods (enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique, fluorescent polarization immunoassay) with special regard to the screening of some newer benzodiazepines, a class of substances that is still expanding. Some of these new compounds may be integrated in well-known screening procedures (via aminobenzophenones and detection by the Bratton-Marshall reagent); others require special concepts for detection. The problems are indicated and discussed, including the use of high-pressure-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry; recommendations are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200362
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The anion specificity of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in rabbit kidney outer medulla: studies on medullary plasma membranes (1986)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 407 (1986), S. S168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter ; Thick ascending limb of Henle's loop ; Renal medulla ; Anion specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from rabbit kidney outer medulla and employed in sodium, rubidium, and chloride flux studies. Chloride dependence and bumetanide sensitivity of (part of) the sodium and rubidium flux indicate that this plasma membrane fraction can be used to study the properties of Na−K−2Cl cotransport system present in the luminal membrane of the medullary thick ascending limb. The anion specificity of the cotransporter was investigated by determining the effect of anion replacement on sodium fluxes. When chloride was completely replaced by bromide, iodide, nitrate, or thiocyanate only bromide could effectively substitute for chloride (90% activity), whereas sodium uptake in the presence of iodide, nitrate, and thiocyanate amounted to only 25% of the sodium uptake observed in the presence of chloride. When similar replacement experiments were performed in the presence of 10 mmol/l chloride, bromide could substitute for chloride by 110%, iodide and nitrate by 60%, and thiocyanate by 70%. In the presence of 10 mmol/l bromide iodide, nitrate, and thiocyanate were similarly effective. The effect of nitrate and chloride on sodium flux was additive. Bumetanide-sensitive chloride uptake was inhibited by nitrate, the inhibition was however only partly, amounting to 60%. The results obtained are compatible with the view that the two anion binding sites of the Na−K−2Cl cotransporter can exhibit a different substrate specificity and that the transporter in addition to a 2Cl mode can also operate in a 2Br, Cl−, A− and Br−, A− mode, A− representing iodide, nitrate, or thiocyanate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584947
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening des neuen Anxiolyticums Halazepam (1985)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 321 (1985), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein empfindliches Screening-Verfahren für das neue 1,4-Benzodiazepinderivat Halazepam über sein Haupthydrolyseprodukt 2-(2,2,2-Trifluorethyl)-amino-5-chlor-benzophenon beschrieben. Als Methoden wurden die Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (einschließlich photolytischer Desalkylierung) und die Massenspektrometrie eingesetzt.
    Notes: Summary A sensitive screening method is described for the new 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative halazepam via its main hydrolysis product 2(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino-5-chlorobenzophenone. The procedures comprise thin-layer chromatography (including photolytical desalkylation) and mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00469382
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emission of hydrogen from deep and shallow freshwater environments (1988)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 5 (1988), S. 295-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: lake water ; lake sediments ; paddy fields ; ebullition ; plant-mediated gas flux ; atmospheric H2 budget
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In-situ partial pressures of hydrogen in anoxic profundal lake sediments reached values of up to 5 Pa which were more than 5 orders of magnitude lower than the partial pressures of methane. Analysis of gas bubbles collected from anoxic submerged paddy soil showed H2 partial pressures in the range of 1.8 ± 1.3 Pa being ca. 4 orders of magnitude lower than the CH4 partial pressures. H2 emission rates, on the other hand, were less than 3 orders of magnitude lower than the CH4 emission rates indicating that H2 and CH4 were oxidized to a different extent in the rhizosphere of the soil before they reached the atmosphere, or that H2 was produced by the plants. More than 70% of the emitted H2 reached the atmosphere via plant-mediated flux. The rest was emitted via ebullition from the anoxic soil and, in addition, was produced in the paddy water. A significant amount of H2 was indeed found to be produced in the water under conditions where thallic algae and submerged parts of the rice plants produced oxygen by photosynthesis. Very little H2 was emitted via molecular diffusion through the paddy water; in addition, this amount was less than expected from the degree of supersaturation and the diffusional emission rate of CH4 indicating a relatively high rate of H2 consumption in the surface film of the paddy water. The total H2 source strength of rice paddies and other freshwater environments was estimated to be less than 1 Tg yr-1, being negligible in the atmospheric budget of H2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180069
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Polymerisation ungesättigter Benzaldazine (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 329 (1987), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Polymerization of Unsaturated BenzaldazinesThe preparation of methacrylic and acrylic acid derivatives of isomeric hydroxybenzaldazines and their characterization by u.v.-, i.r.-, 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy are described. By radical polymerization and copolymerisation with styrene and methyl methacrylate, respectively, crosslinked polymers showing ultraviolet-absorbing properties are obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19873290308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Wechselwirkung von Donoren mit Diethylaluminiumchlorid. IV. 13C-NMR-Untersuchungen zum Ausmaß der Komplexbildung (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 329 (1987), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Interaction of Donors with Diethyl Aluminium Chloride. IV. 13C-N.M.R.-Investigations on the Degree of Complex FormationEt2AlCl has some importance for the initiation of cationic polymerizations where its activity can be influenced by the addition of donor compounds. To enlight the elementary processes quantitative 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopic investigations of the model systems Et2AlCl/pyridine and piperidine, respectively, were carried out. Detailed information are given with regard to the molar ratios of acceptor and donors. The formation of an ionic intermediate complex was observed. The degree of complex formation is higher for piperidine than for pyridine. In the case of pyridine a 1:1 complex is formed. With piperidine a complexation with higher coordination must be assumed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19873290224
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A13C NMR specteal study of the complexation of aluminum diethyl chloride with pyridine (1986)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 35 (1986), S. 625-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The reaction of diethylchloroaluminum with pyridine in benzene leads to a stable complex. 2. 13C NMR spectroscopy was used to establish the intermediate state as an ion pair of the dimer of diethylchloroaluminum and one pyridine molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00953242
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