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  • 1980-1984  (1)
  • 1975-1979  (1)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1900-1904
  • Fenvalerate  (1)
  • multivariate analysis
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Tetranychus urticae ; Phytoseiids ; Fenvalerate ; Azinphosmethyl ; Mortality ; Sublethal effects ; Egg production ; Oviposition preference ; Repellency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les insecticides pyrethroïdes ont été utilisés pour lutter contre les pullulations d'araignées rouges. Cette note examine les réponses de Tetranychus urticae Koch et des prédateurs phytoseiidés résistants aux organo-phosphorés, Amblyseius fallacis Garman et Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, au fenvalerate (pyrethroïde) et à l'azinphosmethyl (organophosphate). Quelques essais avec du carbaryl sont indiqués. Une femelle adulte de T. urticae est placée sur une rondelle de feuille de Phaseolus vulgaris L. pulvérisée dans une tour de Potter. Les résultats sur la mortalité en fonction de la dose obtenus montrent une activité plus rapide du fenvalerate que de l'azinphosmethyl. Les DL50 du fenvalerate (0,056 et 0,051g AI/I) sont les mêmes à 24 et 48 h, tandis que l'azinphosmethyl montre une activité plus lente (DL50 de 0,72 et 0,38g AI/I à 24 et 48 h). La mortalité se partage entre la sortie de la rondelle et la mortalité in situ. Le fenvalerate provoque une plus forte répulsion que l'azinphosmethyl. Contrairement à l'azinphosmethyl le fenvalerate inhibe la production d'oeufs 60% et 20% d'inhibition à DL50 au bout de 24 h par rapport au témoin. Cette inhibition n'est pas permanente. Le carbaryl n'a pas d'effets inhibiteur ou acaricide à 1g AI/l. Les femelles adultes de T. urticae décèlent les résidus de fenvalerate sur les rondelles et pondent leurs oeufs sur les moitiés non traitées ou traitées à l'azinphosmethyl. Les Phytoseiides sont très sensibles aux résidus de fenvalerate. Après consommation d'oeufs traités, A. fallacis est incapable d'éviter des bandes gluantes. T. occidentalis décèle des traitements à 0,00005g AI/l en quittant les lames traitées par les bandes gluantes.
    Notes: Abstract The pyrethroid fenvalerate showed significantly faster activity against adult ♀ two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch c.f. azinphosmethyl using broad bean leaf discs sprayed in a Potter tower. LC50s for fenvalerate were similar at 24 and 48 hr (0.056 and 0.051g AI/1) while LC50s for azinphosmethyl were significantly different at 24 and 48 hr (0.72 and 0.38g AI/1, respectively). Mortality was partitioned to run-off and direct mortality. Fenvalerate showed an increasing contribution to mortality by run-off with increasing concentration. Increasing concentrations of azinphosmethyl had no effect on the proportion of T. urticae running off the discs. Fenvalerate inhibited egg production c.f. azinphosmethyl (60% and 20% inhibition respectively c.f. control after 24hr). The effect was not permanent. Carbaryl showed no acaricidal or inhibitory effects at 1g AI/1. T. urticae detected fenvalerate residues as reflected by choice of oviposition sites on untreated halves of leaf discs c.f. treated halves. Azinphosmethyl had no effect on oviposition preference. Phytoseiid mites were highly sensitive to fenvalerate residues. Predators moved off the test arena into sticky barriers after feeding on fenvalerate-treated eggs or walking on glass slides treated at 0.00005g AI/1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 10 (1978), S. 195-224 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: geochemical exploration ; multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were evaluated using published multi-element stream sediment data from southwestern and northern New Brunswick. The statistical distributions of elements do not obey Ahrens' “law of lognormality”; eleven of thirteen elements investigated for the Bathurst-Jacquet River area are not lognormally distributed at the 0.05 level of significance. The distributions are positively skewed and leptokurtic and consist of aggregate populations which represent mineral deposits, bedrock, and many other physiographic factors; some of these populations are normally distributed. The efficiency of the Pearson correlation coefficient varied and was compared to nonparametric correlation. Various methods of factor analysis were evaluated and the structure of the factors was similar to the subjective groupings derived from the correlation matrices. Comparison of correlation coefficients and factor models derived from the log-transformed and untransformed Bathurst-Jacquet River data showed that background associations were enhanced by the log transformation at the expense of associations representing mineralization. Q-mode factor matrices could not be satisfactorily interpreted without recourse to the mapping of the factor loadings. The maps produced were inferior to simple concentration maps. An iterative technique was developed for discriminant analysis to refine the sample training groups representing mineralized and background terrain; repeated discriminant analysis after misclassified samples were eliminated altered the inherent character of the training groups. Trend surface analysis was found to give goodness of fits of the trend equations comparable to the fits expected from random numbers. The method was mathematically inappropriate for the type of data used. The goal of exploration geochemical statistical analysis should be to discriminate and sort populations representing mineralized and background populations by classification or filtering techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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