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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 24 (1976), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The contributions to the quantityα 2 F(ω) coming from the different vibration modes are calculated for the compounds Th4H15 and Th H2. The electronic quantities have been evaluated in a cluster approximation while simple models are used for the phonons. The high transition temperature of Th4H15 is explained by the large contribution of the hydrogen modes to the McMillanλ, which overcompensates the “deterioration” of the Th-lattice in comparison to the Th-metal. In Th H2 the hydrogen contribution turns out to be insufficient for a highT c . An important property of these substances is the significant admixture off-states at the Fermi level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 273 (1975), S. 167-175 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A phase-free accelerating stage for charged particles has been constructed which makes use of electric ac-fields in a triangular shaped electrode system combined with ac-deflecting devices in the MHz-range. An elaborate calculation of the energy gain based on a time dependent Hamiltonian and a simplified calculation assuming perfect shielding within the electrodes were performed. The theoretical results are compared with measurements at a frequency of 13.55 MHz and at peak electrode voltages of 3 kV and 0.5 kV. The maximum energy gain of electrons with an incident energy of 20 keV was measured to be 140 eV at the 3 kV peak voltage. Construction and properties of the retarding-field energy analyzer and of the resonant circuits are given. It is shown that rf-driven magnetic deflecting coils diminish the energy gain due to induced electric fields. Rf-electric capacitor fields seem to be superior to the rf-magnetic fields because they reduce the energy gain very little and furthermore offer a simultaneous phase-free particle acceleration in opposite directions. The possible applications of such a phase-free accelerating stage for heating up a plasma and for producing an intense ring of relativistic electrons are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 277 (1976), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The alignment of foil-excited hydrogen was determined by measuring the polarization of Ly-α radiation in the particle energy region 23≦E≦190 keV. A change of sign at 45 keV is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The analysis of charge state distributions after the interaction of fast Li- and N-ions with a surface at grazing incidence at energies between 50 and 350 keV yields for Li a strongly suppressed and for N an enhanced fraction of neutrals in comparison to the beam-foil interaction. These findings are supported by corresponding alkali-spectra which are dominated by lines from transitions in singly ionized atoms. The experiments are consistently interpreted in terms of a two step model: (1) collisional excitation in the close vicinity of the surface and (2) modification of this population by resonant electron transfer from (to) non localized states in the conduction (valence) band to (from) the ion. The model is also applied to interpret recent beam-foil experiments where preferential populations of Rydberg levels in highly ionized atoms were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 224 (1977), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Word deafness ; Auditory agnosia ; ERA-results ; Bitemporal lesions ; Worttaubheit ; Auditive Agnosie ; ERA-Befunde ; Bitemporale Läsionen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Mann erlitt mit 42 Jahren einen linksseitigen ischämischen Hirninsult mit vorübergehender Aphasie. Mit 49 Jahren erkrankte er durch eine rechtsseitige Infarzierung, die nun eine dauernde Unfähigkeit zum Verstehen gesprochener Sprache und zum Erkennen von Tönen oder Geräuschen hervorrief. Einfache alternative Unterscheidungen zwischen den Reizqualitäten reiner Töne konnte er noch treffen. ERA-Befunde zeigten, daß die zentralen Hörbahnen des Hirnstamms intakt waren. Diese Rindentaubheit im Gefolge bilateraler Läsionen des akustischen Cortex und angrenzender corticaler Zentren führt zu der Annahme, das auditive Erkennen sei beim Menschen beiderseits in den temporoparietalen Regionen repräsentiert.
    Notes: Summary At the age of 42 Lothar H. suffered a left-sided ischaemic brain lesion with transient aphasia, followed at the age of 49 by a right-sided ischemic infarction, which caused a continuous inability to understand spoken language and to identify tones and noises. He was still able to discriminate between single qualities of pure tones. The ERA-results showed the central acoustic pathways of the brain-stem to be intact. The occurrence of cortical deafness following bilateral lesions of the acoustic cortex and adjoining cortical centres supports the view that human auditory recognition is represented in both temporoparietal areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 17 (1978), S. 264-273 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The stress in steady viscometric flow of molten polymers is determined by the viscosityη and by the two normal stress coefficientsψ 1 andψ 2. The paper describes a method of measuringψ 1 by means of steady circumferential shear flow in an annulus. The cylinders are stationary and the fluid flows due to a circumferential pressure gradient. The radial normal stresses at the outer and at the inner wall are different from each other. The “pressure”-differenceΔp is a measure for the 1. normal stress coefficient of the viscoelastic fluid. Due to the inhomogeneous shear field, the evaluation ofψ 1 fromΔp measurements is quite complicated. A powerful numerical method of evaluation has been developed and applied to existing $$\Delta _p (\overline {\dot \gamma } )$$ data. The method is not restricted to a special empirical formula for the flow curve (as an analytical method would be) and does not require the knowledge of the positionr 0 of the stress-free stream line.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer stationären Schichtenströmung in einem Bogenspalt (azimutale Druckströmung im Ringspalt) bildet sich zwischen Innen- und Außenwand eine Druckdifferenz aus, deren Größe ein Maß für den 1. Normalspannungskoeffizienten der elastischen Flüssigkeit im Spalt ist. Die Strömung läßt sich zur Messung des 1. Normalspannungskoeffizienten verwenden. Der Schergeschwindigkeitsbereich der Messung liegt, wie bei der Kapillarrheometrie zur Bestimmung der Viskosität, zwischen 1 und 1000 s−1. Die Auswertung der Messungen ist wegen des inhomogenen Scherfeldes relativ kompliziert. In der Arbeit wird ein besonders wirkungsvolles numerisches Auswerteverfahren hergeleitet und auf bestehende Messungen angewendet. Eine Besonderheit des Auswerteverfahrens ist die Freiheit der Wahl des Approximationsansatzes für die Viskositätskurve, während analytische Verfahren meist an einen bestimmten Ansatz gebunden sind. Außerdem braucht, im Gegensatz zu anderen derartigen Verfahren, die Position des schubspannungsfreien Stromfadensr 0 nicht bestimmt zu werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 17 (1978), S. 589-594 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Materie-Flächen in einem Kontinuum ändern ihren Flächeninhalt, wenn sich das Kontinuum deformiert. Punkte auf einer Materie-Fläche vergrößern ihre Abstände, wenn die Fläche gedehnt wird. Das Kontinuum stellt man sich als ein Netzwerk von Makromolekülen mit temporären Knotenpunkten vor. Knotenpunkte in einer sich vergrößernden Fläche vergrößern während der Deformation ihren Abstand. Als Folge davon erhöht sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß sich dieseKnoten lösen. Mit einem eingeprägten Koordinatensystem wird beschrieben, wie sich ebene Materie-Flächen, die durch einen Punkt der Materie gehen, vergrößern oder verkleinern. Mit der Metrik des Koordinatensystems, dem Cauchy-TensorC, wird ein Dehnungsmaßε p für Strömungen beliebiger Art definiert. Dieses Dehnungsmaß wird dazu verwendet, die Gedächtnisfunktion einer rheologischen Stoffgleichung für große Deformationen zu formulieren. Das Dehnungsmaß wird für besondere Strömungen wie die einfache Scherung, die einachsige Dehnung und die zweiachsige Dehnung berechnet. In einer späteren Arbeit soll durch Vergleich mit Experimenten gezeigt werden, inwieweit die gewählte Gedächtnisfunktion das Verhalten von Polymerschmelzen wiedergibt.
    Notes: Summary In a deforming continuum, material surfaces change their area. If material points are members of a surface which stretches during the deformation, these material points increase their relative distances. The continuum is modeled by a network of macromolecules which form temporary junctions between each other. Junctions on a stretching material surface increase their distance. As a consequence, the probability ofjunction breakage is increased. The stretching of material planes through a material point is described by means of an embedded coordinate system. The metric of this coordinate system is the Cauchy tensorC. Astretch measure ε p is defined for arbitrary flows. The stretch measure is used to formulate a memory function in a rheological constitutive equation for large strain. Specific applications are made to unidirectional simple shear, uniaxial extension and biaxial extension. In a consecutive study, comparison with experiments will demonstrate to what degree the selected memory function can describe the actual behavior of the polymer.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 18 (1979), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden neue Leitlinien zur Beurteilung von stationären Dehnströmungs-Experimenten vorgeschlagen: Die stationäre orthogonale Staupunktströmung wird als ein Ideal herausgestellt, das man in Experimenten zu erreichen versuchen sollte. Die Kinematik und die Randbedingung für das Spannungsfeld werden für allgemeine Staupunktströmungen hergeleitet und auf zwei Sonderfälle angewendet: die axialsymmetrische und die ebene Staupunktströmung. Der Vergleich dieser idealen Strömung mit wirklichen Experimenten verdeutlicht deren jeweilige Vor- und Nachteile und weist so auf neue Experimente hin. Mehrere neue Experimente werden vorgeschlagen. Die axialsymmetrisch nach außen gerichtete und die ebene Staupunktströmung in Düsen mit geschmierten Wandungen erscheinen besonders erfolgversprechend. Einige vorläufige experimentelle Ergebnisse für die einachsige Dehnströmung einer Polyacrylamidlösung in einer mit Wasser geschmierten Düse werden vorgestellt.
    Notes: Summary A new framework for viewing steady extensional flow is presented: Steady orthogonal stagnation flow is an ideal which one should strive to reach in an actual experiment. The kinematics and the stress boundary conditions are developed for stagnation flow in general and in two special cases: the impingement of two circular streams and of two planar sheets. Contemplating this ideal clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of current experiments, thereby pointing the way towards new experiments; a number are suggested. Axisymmetric (with $$\dot \varepsilon _x $$ 〉 0) and planar stagnation flow within a lubricated die look particularly promising. Some preliminary experimental results are given for uniaxial extension of a polyacrylamide solution in a water lubricated die.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 291 (1979), S. 5-9 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using singly or doubly reflected 270keV-ions from a Cu-surface at grazing incidence nuclear polarizations in7Li ofP I=(6.8±0.6) % orP I= (11.5±1.0) % and in14N ofP I =(14.8±1.0) % orP I=(20.0±1.0) % respectively, have been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 285 (1978), S. 3-6 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to other atomic systems, foil excited hydrogen or hydrogen-like atoms show a negative alignment for various energy ranges. We suggest that this particular behaviour results from the degeneracy of differentL states in hydrogenic systems and an observable influence of a surface electric field modifying the initial alignment via Stark effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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