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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 79 (1981), S. 491-505 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract If an electrically conducting medium (e.g. a dusty plasma) rotates around a gravitating central body, which possesses an axisymmetric dipole field, the medium is supported to two-thirds by the centrifugal force and to one-third by electromagnetic forces under the condition that the magnetic field is strong enough to controll the motion. If the electromagnetic forces disappear — e.g. by a de-ionisation of the dusty plasma — the medium will fall down to two-thirds of its original central distance. The result of this process will be a ‘cosmogonic shadow effect’ which is described in some detail. The Voyager 1/Saturn results demonstrate that the macro-structure of the Saturnian ring system can be explained as a result of this effect working at the formation of the system. The agreement between the theoretical results and the observations is better than a few percent. A similar analysis of the asteroidal belt shows that its macro-structure can also be explained by the cosmogonic shadow effect. The agreement between theory and observations is perhaps even better than in the Saturnian ring system. The observational results demonstrate that during their formation both the Saturnian ring and the asteroidal belt passed a plasma state dominated by electromagnetic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 97 (1983), S. 79-94 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper is based on Holberg's analysis of the Voyager photographs in both reflected and transparent light, combined with occultation data of stars seen through the rings. Besides rapidly varying phenomena (spokes, braided ring, etc.), which according to Mendis are due to gravito-electromagnetic effects, the ring consists of abulk structure, a fine structure, and also ahyperfine structure, showing more than 10000 ringlets. The large number of ringlets can be explained by the Baxter-Thompson ‘negative diffusion’. This gives the ringlets a stability which makes it possible to interprete them as ‘fossils’, which originated at cosmogonic times. It is shown that thebulk structure can be explained by the combined ‘cosmogonic shadows’ of Mimas, the co-orbiting satellites, and the Shepherd satellites. This structure originated at the transition from the plasma phase to the planetesimal phase (which probably took place 4–5×109 y ago). Further, Holberg has discovered that the shadows are not simple void region but exhibit a certain characteristic ‘signature’. This is not yet understood theoretically. Parts of thefine structure are explained by Holberg as resonances with the satellites. Parts are here interpreted as cosmogonic shadow effects. However, there are a number of ringlets which can neither be explained by cosmogonic nor by resonance effects. The most important conclusion is that an analysis of the ring data is likely to lead to areconstruction of the plasma-planetesimal transition with an accuracy of a few percent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 197 (1966), S. 8-25 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The bremsstrahlung cross sections, differential in photon energy and angle have been determined by measuring the x-rays emitted from thin targets (Al2O3: 56,5 and 113 μg/ cm2; Au: 9,7 and 24,4 μg/cm2) for incident electron energies of 180 and 380 keV with a 5×5 inch NaI scintillation spectrometer at angles from 0 to 150 degrees. A response matrix is used to convert the measured pulse height distribution into the spectrum of photons incident on the spectrometer. The results show that in this energy region the Bethe-Heitler-Sauter (Born approximation) theory underestimates the cross sectionsd 2 σ/dk · dΩ anddσ/dk. The application of the Elwert factor gives a considerable improvement. For Al2O3 the Elwert corrected Born approximation gives values which are generally within the limits of error of the measurements. The experimental values of theHeitler parameter $$\Phi _{rad} /\bar \Phi $$ are 5,0 (Al2O3) and 6,7 (Au) for 180 keV and 5,6 (A12O3) and 7,3 (Au) for 380 keV. The angular distribution of the radiation has been compared with some characteristic angles predicted by the theory ofSommerfeldKulenkampff. Special consideration has been given to the high frequency limit. The cross sections at this energy have been derived from the correctedSauter-Fano theory and are in good agreement with the measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 186 (1965), S. 277-287 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The theory of Čerenkov radiation predicts a virtually complete linear polarisation of the emitted radiation. In disagreement to this results measurements have always given a large amount of unpolarized light. With an improved geometry that avoids the influence of light quanta resulting from scattered electrons it was possible to show that the Čerenkov radiation is practically complete linear polarized. The contribution of szintillation quanta to the remaining rest of unpolarised light has been estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 220 (1969), S. 265-272 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the most simple rational model function for the selfenergyoperator exhibiting the properties which are demanded by the general theory of infinite Fermi systems for the asymptotic region and the neighbourhood of the Fermisurface. The occupation number which may be calculated exactly is determined for various parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 1005-1017 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: α-Carbonyl-spiro-oxiranes ; Enolbetaines ; Nucleophilic Substitution ; Spiro-dioxoles ; Spiro-oxazoles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nucleophilic substitution at the spiro carbon atom as well as the CH2-group takes place with spiro-oxiranes1,6 and7, whose spiro carbon atom bear electron withdrawing substituents. In some cases by elimination of formaldehyde a transformation to the corresponding reductone systeme (5,11,16) is observed. In other cases, e.g. with tertiary amines, betaines (2,9,12) are formed, which by elimination of the base rearrange to dioxolenes (3,10). Addition of polar reagents like aryl isocyanate or chloral leads to ring expansion of the threemembered ring to form the five ring systems17,18,20,22 or24.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Chalcones ; reactions with guanidine ; Guanidine, reactions with chalcones ; 2-Pyrimidinamines, 4,6-diaryl ; 2-Pyrimidinamines, dihydro, 4,6-diaryl, and salts ; 4H-Pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidines, 1,6-dihydro-2,4,6,8-tetra-aryl, and salts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 4- and 4′-methoxy-, 4-hydroxy- and 2-hydroxychalcone4 e,k,f andg, respectively, are transformed by action of guanidine in benzene to yield 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-2-pyrimidinamine (6 e=6 k) and hydroxyphenylpyrimidinamines6 f andg, respectively. In contrast, 4- and 4′-chlor-, 4′-brom- and 4′-phenylchalcone4 h,l–n resp. react with guanidine under analogous conditions to give 4,6-diaryl-1,4-dihydro-2-pyrimidinamines5 h,l–n. The bases5 h,l–n also tend to aromatize, but they can be stabilized by transformation into salts5 h,l–n · HCl with hydrochloric acid. Heating of5 n inDMF under atmospheric oxygen yields 4-(4-biphenyl)-6-phenyl-2-pyrimidinamine (6 n). Action of guanidine on 4′-nitrochalcone4 o in chloroform affords 2-amino-4-nitrophenyl-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-4-pyrimidinol8 o, which is transformed by hydrochloric acid into 6-nitrophenyl-dihydropyrimidinamine-hydrochloride5 o · HCl. Treating of the latter with sodiummethylat in methanol yields the very stable dihydropyrimidinamine5 o. Action of guanidine on 4-chlor- and 4′-bromchalcone4 h andm respectively (in addition to5 h andm) yields 2,4,6,8-tetraaryl-1,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidines7 h andm, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Norman, Okla. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    World literature today. 58:4 (1984:Autumn) 545 
    ISSN: 0196-3570
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Notes: HOMAGE TO PAAVO HAAVIKKO, OUR 1984 NEUSTADT PRIZE LAUREATE
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  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Norman, Okla. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    World literature today. 58:4 (1984:Autumn) 545 
    ISSN: 0196-3570
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Notes: HOMAGE TO PAAVO HAAVIKKO, OUR 1984 NEUSTADT PRIZE LAUREATE
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 171 (1980), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After irradiation with 0.5 Mrad or higher doses, a radiation-induced ninhydrin-positive compound was found in the muscle tissue of warm-blooded animals. In carp muscle another compound called X was formed. The origin of these two compounds was investigated. Irradiation of various amino acids and related compounds showed that substance Y is formed from the dipeptides carnosine and anserine, which are present in muscle tissue of warm-blooded animals in unusually high concentrations. In carp muscle containing relatively high levels of histidine, but only low concentrations of anserine as the only dipeptide, histidine furnished compound X. This compound was found to be relatively stable in acid medium. After acid hydrolysis of irradiated carnosine solutions and of extracts of irradiated muscle tissue from warm-blooded animals, compound Y was no longer observed, but another compound appeared that was similar to X with regard to colour and migration properties during high-voltage electrophoresis and column chromatography.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach der Bestrahlung mit 0,5 Mrad oder höheren Dosen war im Warmblütermuskel ein mit Y und im Karpfenmuskel ein anderes mit X bezeichnetes ninhydrinpositives Bestrahlungsprodukt gefunden worden. Die Herkunft dieser beiden Komponenten wurde untersucht. Die Bestrahlung von verschiedenen Aminosäuren und verwandten Verbindungen ergab, daß die Substanz Y aus den im Warmblütermuskel in unverhältnismäßig hohen Konzentrationen vorhandenen Dipeptiden Carnosin und Anserin entsteht. Im Karpfenmuskel, in dem relativ große Gehalte an Histidin, aber von den Dipeptiden nur Anserin in geringen Konzentrationen gefunden wurde, lieferte Histidin die unter sauren Bedingungen relativ beständige Komponente X. Bei der sauren Hydrolyse von bestrahlten Carnosinlösungen und von Extrakten der bestrahlten Warmblütermuskulatur verschwand das Bestrahlungsprodukt Y. Dafür trat eine Komponente auf, die in Färbung und in den Laufeigenschaften bei der Hochspannungselektrophorese und Säulenchromatographie mit X identisch war.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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