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  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1935-1939
  • Ca++-induced phase separation  (1)
  • Diphenhydramine, blood and tissue levels  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 88 (1982), S. 263-270 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Diphenhydramine, blood and tissue levels ; Poisoning, diphenhydramine ; Diphenhydramin, Blut- und Gewebekonzentrationen ; Vergiftung, Diphenhydramin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kurz nach der Einführung des Wirkstoffes (1945) konnten Vergiftungen mit Diphenhydramin beobachtet werden. Seit Diphenhydramin, zusammen mit 8-Chlortheophyllin als Dimenhydrinat im Handel, anstelle des gefährlicheren Diethylpentenamid als rezeptfreies Schlafmittel angeboten wird, stiegen auch die Zahlen von Vergiftungen und Verkehrsunfällen unter Diphenhydramin-Einfluß. Der Vergleich von vier klinisch behandelten und überlebenden Patienten mit sieben unter Diphenhydramin-Einfluß verunfallten Verkehrsteilnehmern zeigt, daß hier massive Intoxikationen bei erheblichem Tablettenmißbrauch vorgelegen haben. Aus den Verhältnissen der Diphenhydramin-Konzentration in Blut und Urin sowie den Konzentrationen der als Hauptstoffwechselprodukt entstehenden Diphenmethoxyessigsäure lassen sich wertvolle Hinweise auf chronischen Mißbrauch bzw. den Aufnahmezeitpunkt der Tabletten gewinnen. Bei verschiedenen tödlichen Vergiftungen wurde unter anderem eine massive Vergiftung vorgefunden, die zu bisher noch nicht beschriebenen hohen Konzentrationen von Diphenhydramin in Körperflüssigkeiten und Geweben geführt hat.
    Notes: Summary Several poisonings by diphenhydramine were reported shortly after it had been introduced as an antihistamine in 1945. In the Federal Republic of Germany its combination with 8-chlorotheophylline (dimenhydrinate) is available as a hypnotic without prescription. Replacing the dangerous diethylpentenamide diphenhydramine is a drug which is also often abused. Fatal poisonings, suicide attempts, and traffic accidents were increasingly observed. In seven cases drug-influenced road users caused traffic accidents. We observed blood concentrations of diphenhydramine as high as in four cases of clinically treated patients after ingestion of large doses. This indicates a serious drug abuse. The measurement of the concentration of diphenhydramine and its major metabolite (diphenmethoxy acetic acid) in blood and urine is a means of recognizing chronic use and misuse of diphenhydramine. As the metabolite accumulates in blood one may find an elevated level after multiple dosing. Shortly after taking a single dose no or only low metabolite concentration is found. The concentration of diphenhydramine and its metabolite was measured in several fatal cases. In one of these cases the concentration in body fluids and tissues was in a range not observed until now.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 70 (1982), S. 147-155 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: black lipid membranes ; carrier-mediated ion transport ; lipid mixture ; Ca++-induced phase separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Voltage jump-current relaxation experiments have been performed with valinomycin-doped membranes of mixtures of 1,2-dipentadecylmethylidene-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (PC) and charged-phosphatidic acid (PA). Both relaxation processes predicted by a simple carrier model could be resolved which allowed the calculation of the rate constants of the Rb+ transport. The dependence of the rate constants on the membrane composition indicates that (i) the lipids in the mixed membranes are homogeneously distributed and that (ii) no major difference exists between the composition of the membrane and that of the torus. The analysis of the stationary conductance data, however, shows that the valinomycin content of the mixed membranes depends strongly on their lipid composition. Addition of Ca++ ions to a 1∶1 mixture induces a phase separation into PA domains of very low conductivity and PC-enriched regions of high conductivity. Half saturation is reached atc ca=5×10−4 m. At 10−2 m Ca++ in the aqueous phase, the rate constants clearly indicate that all PA molecules are electrically “passivated” and only pure PC domains contribute to the membrane current. A detailed picture is thus derived of the coupling of a model transport system to the externally triggered membrane reorganization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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