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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 54 (1982), S. 111-116 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Indole ; tryptamine ; pineal gland ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal gland concentration of the four 5-methoxyindoles: melatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine, 5-methoxytryptophol and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid, were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pineal glands were obtained from 11 subjects 2–3 hourspost mortem. The concentration of 5-methoxytryptophol ranged from 4–93 pmoles/g, 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid from 79–560 pmoles/g and melatonin from 24–6860 pmoles/g. 5-methoxytryptamine was present only in trace amounts (0–12 pmoles/g). A variation over time of these compounds was not evident from the data obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 7 (1984), S. 151-158 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Laser in neurosurgery ; Nd-YAG laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After many years of experience, in general we prefere the Nd-YAG laser, although the CO2 laser is an advantage in a few specific cases (lipomas, cranial synostosis). While the focused CO2 laser may be used as a cutting instrument in less vascular tissue with little trauma to the surroundings, the Nd-YAG laser produces a homogeneous coagulation with an energy dependent depth effect. Thus, with the Nd-YAG laser residual tumour tissue can be selectively and with a predictable depth effect thermally destroyed. Because of its excellent coagulation property, the use of the Nd-YAG laser is particularly indicated in highly vascular meningeal tumours. The shrinkage of a tumour and its demarcation which is due to the varying absorption properties facilitates the dissection and allows in addition the preservation of normal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 3 (1980), S. 261-266 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Nd-YAG laser ; CO2 laser ; Laser in neurosurgery ; Nd-YAG-Laser ; CO2-Laser ; Laser in der Neurochirurgie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den letzten drei Jahren wurden 120 Patienten für einen operativen Eingriff mit dem Laserstrahl ausgesucht, bei denen die Operation aufgrund von Größe, Vaskularisierung oder Lokalisation der Geschwulst technische Schwierigkeiten erwarten ließ. Gegenüber der bipolaren Koagulation glauben wir eine Reihe von Vorteilen gesehen zu haben, das Arbeiten mit dem Laserstrahl erfordert jedoch experimentelle Übung und Erfahrung. Der Schrumpfeffekt der Geschwulst erlaubt von einer kleinen Freilegung aus anatomiegerechtes schonendes Vorgehen ohne wesentlichen Einsatz von Hilfsinstrumenten. Bei starker Vaskularisation bevorzugten wir stets den Neodym-Yag-Laser. Alle Operationen verliefen blutsparend. Mit herkömmlichen Mitteln nicht erreichbare Geschwulstanteile (z. B. Sinuswand, Schädelbasis) können mit dem Laserstrahl zusätzlich ausgeschaltet werden. Der variable Abstand des Laserhandstückes von seinem Zielorgan ermöglicht eine exakte punktförmige sowie eine diffus breitflächige Bestrahlung. Das berührungslose Arbeiten mit dem Laserstrahl bewährt sich besonders am Hirnstamm und Rückenmark, für die mitunter haftenbleibende Pinzettenbranchen zusätzliche Traumatisation bedeuten. Ob der Bestrahlungseffekt bei unseren Fällen zu einer Reduzierung der Rezidivhäufigkeit führt, muß vorerst dahingestellt bleiben, da die Beobachtungszeit noch zu kurz ist. In einer Verkleinerung des Laserhandstückes, d. h. in seiner Umwandlung zu einem vollwertigen Mikroinstrument, sowie in der Kombination Neodym-Yag-Laser (bessere Koagulationsfähigkeit) und CO2-Laser (besserer Schneideeffekt) sehen wir einen weiteren Fortschritt.
    Notes: Summary Over the last 3 years 120 patients have been operated on using laser techniques. This technique was chosen where technical difficulties were anticipated due to the size, the vascular supply or the localization of the process. Although the use of laser technique requires experimental work, before it can be applied clinically some distinct advantages could be demonstrated when compared with the use of the bipolar cautery. Due to its shrinking effect the laser beam is target oriented and makes the surgical procedure safe without the use of additional instruments. The Nd-YAG laser was preferred in tumors with a rich vascular supply. Thus there was a definitely decreased need for blood transfusions in patients operated on with the laser. Even those parts of the tumors that can not easily be reached, using conventional techniques can now be eliminated by laser irradiation. The variable distance between the handpiece of the laser instrument and the target organ allows a pin point as well as a more diffuse irradiation. Since it is not necessary to touch the tissue, laser techniques are particularly useful in critical areas, e. g. close to the brainstem or the spinal cord, because they make it unnecessary to touch the tissue. The question as to whether the use of laser technique will reduce the rate of recurrent tumor growth needs further studies based on longer follow-up periods. Further technical improvements are needed to make the laser device a true microinstrument. Finally a combination of both laser types — that is the Nd-YAG laser for coagulation and the CO2 laser for cutting -might be a definite advantage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 318 (1981), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Indole ; Tryptamine ; Pineal gland ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and concentration of the four 5-methoxyindoles: 5-methoxytryptamine, 5-methoxytryptophol, 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid and melatonin in the pineal gland of pig, cow, sheep and rat was investigated. The analytical method involved the use of deuterated analogues as internal standards and capillary column gas chromatography — mass spectrometry. The analyses of pineal glands obtained during the morning hours revealed the presence of 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid and melatonin in nmoles/g and 5-methoxytryptophol and 5-methoxytryptamine in pmoles/g amounts in pig, cow and sheep. In Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strain of rat, melatonin was present at a concentration of about 0.5 pmoles/pineal, a level which was elevated more than five times by treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. 5-methoxytryptamine was found at a concentration of about 0.03 pmoles/pineal, and was elevated by monoamine oxidase inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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