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Simultaneous determination by gas chromatography of phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4- and 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6 trichlorophenol, and 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachlorophenol in the Urine of Industrially Exposed Workers (1980)

Roosmalen, P. B. ; Klein, A. L. ; Drummond, I.

Springer

International archives of occupational and environmental health 45 (1980), S. 57-62

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ISSN: 1432-1246

Keywords: Phenol ; Chlorophenols ; Urine ; Excretion ; Exposed workers

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary An analytical method is described which has suitable sensitivity and specificity for analyzing urine samples from workers who are exposed to chlorinated phenols. The phenolic compounds are separated by steam distillation and then extracted into isopropyl ether. Without derivatizing the material, it is analyzed by gas chromatography on a 180 cm x 2 mm i.d. glass column containing 60/80 mesh Tenax GC (ENKA NV, The Netherlands) using flame ionization detectors. The detection limits in urine range from 0.1 mg/l urine for phenol to 1 mg/l for the di- and trichlorophenols. The coefficient of variation for each component is less than 4%. The naturally occurring metabolites cresol and 4-heptanone are also isolated and can be quantified by this method.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378096

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Morphology and grafting in polybutylacrylate-polystyrene core-shell emulsion polymerization (1983)

Min, T. I. ; Klein, A. ; El-Aasser, M. S. ; [et al.]

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2845-2861

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ISSN: 0360-6376

Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: The morphology of polybutylacrylate-polystyrene (PBA-PS) core-shell latex particles prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization was investigated as a function of the addition method of styrene (St). The thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detector (TLC-FID) technique was used to characterize the morphology of the core-shell latexes. It was found that grafting PS to the PBA core occurs during seeded emulsion polymerization. The percentage of grafting depended on the method of addition of St, being greatest for the batch reaction, less for the preswollen batch reaction, and least for the semibatch reaction. Upon aging the PBA core-polymer migrated out of the latex particles with a low degree of grafting to form dumbellshaped particles, whereas the PBA-PS core-shell particles with a high degree of grafting remained spherical because of the emulsifying ability of graft copolymer.

Additional Material: 11 Ill.