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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic postural responses in the cat: Responses to headward and tailward translation (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 50 (1983), S. 45-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Postural reflexes ; Unexpected postural perturbations ; Electromyographic activity ; Hind limb and forelimb muscles ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary EMG responses, vertical and A-P shear forces and kinematics of “automatic postural responses” to unexpected translational perturbations in the headward and tailward directions were studied in cats. Muscles acting on the major joints of the forelimbs and hindlimbs were studied. Movement of the animals in response to perturbation were highly stereotyped and consisted of two phases: (1) motion of the feet during platform movement while the trunk remained relatively stationary followed by (2) active correction of posture by movement of the trunk in the direction of perturbation. Vertical force changes occurred after the perturbation was well underway (latency 65 ms) and were related to the displacement of the center of mass and active correction of trunk position. Shear forces showed both passive (inertial) and active components and suggested that the majority of the torque necessary for po,stural correction was generated by the hindlimb. EMG responses in forelimb and shoulder muscles were most correlated with increase in vertical force, showing a generalized co-contraction in tailward translation (when these limbs were loaded) and little activity when the forelimbs were unloaded. EMG responses in hindlimb showed reciprocal activation of agonists and antagonists during perturbation with strong synergies of thigh and foot flexors in tailward translation and thigh and foot extensors in headward translation. The forelimb EMG patterns were most consistent with the conclusion that the forelimb is used primarily for vertical support during perturbation. It was concluded that hindlimb EMG responses were appropriate for both vertical support and performance of the postural correction. The hindlimb muscle synergies observed during translation are the “mirror image” of those observed in humans by other workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238231
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histidine residue modification inhibits binding of murine β nerve growth factor to its receptor (1984)
    Springer
    The protein journal 3 (1984), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: diethylpyrocarbonate ; protein conformation ; synthetic peptide ; insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of the β subunit of murine nerve growth factor (NGF) with diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) results in the quantitative modification of histidine residues and the loss of binding to rabbit superior cervical ganglia microsomes. No conformational changes accompanied the conversion as judged by fluorescence spectra. Hydroxylamine converted the carbethoxy derivatives back to the unmodified imidazoles and simultaneously restored the capacity of NGF to bind to its receptor. Modification of des (1–9) NGF, from which His-4 and His-8 have been quantitatively removed, results in the same loss in binding activity, suggesting that His-75 and/or His-84 may play an important role in hormone-receptor interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025171
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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