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  • 1980-1984  (14)
  • Physics  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyterephthalates of 2,3-disubstituted butanediols-1,4: Effect of aliphatic substituents on Tg and Tm of the polyesters (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1051-1063 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(2,3-dialkylbutanediol-1,4 terephthalates) with the alkyl substituents CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, iso-C3H7, n-C4H9, and n-C10H21, andn-C16H33 were synthesized from the corresponding 2,3-dialkylbutanediols-1,4 and dimethyl terephthalate or terephthaloyl chloride. The substituents of the butanediol-1,4 portion of the polyterephthalates influence the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the carbon atoms near the branching site, the glass transition (Tg), and the crystallizability. Small alkyl substituents do not change the Tg of the polymers, whereas bulky substituents such as the isopropyl group increase the Tg and long normal alkyl groups as substituents decrease the Tg of the polymers. Crystallinity in these polyterephthalates was found only with CH3 and C16H33 as the 2,3-dialkyl substituents in the butanediol-1,4 portion of the polyester. This crystallinity of polyterephthalate of 2,3-di-C16H33 substituted butanediol-1,4 could be assigned to side-chain crystallization of the paraffinic groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200414
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle x-ray scattering study of ionomer deformation (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1497-1512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) pattern from a cesium salt of a 6.1 mole % ethylenemethacrylic acid (E-MAA) copolymer is shown to become azimuthally dependent on sample elongation. SAXS was measured using the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) spectrometer with pinhole collimation and a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. The sample was quenched prior to deformation to avoid crystallization of the ethylene unit which would complicate the interpretation of scattering. The observed SAXS patterns are interpreted in terms of several proposed models for the structure of ionomers. A model in which ionic aggregates are arranged on a paracrystalline lattice is found to be largely in disagreement with the results for undeformed and deformed samples. Spherical and lamellar models incorporating local structure around a central ionic core are capable of predicting the observed SAXS for the undeformed sample. A model of ellipsoidal deformation of the spherical shell-core model fails to predict the correct azimuthal dependence of scattering. However, a deformation scheme involving rotation of the lamellar model is more satisfactory.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180702
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle light scattering by random assemblies of incomplete spherulites. Systems with partial degree of volume filling (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A theory is presented to account for the effect of the impingement of growing spherulites on their Hv small-angle light scattering patterns. The theory is developed on the basis of results of computer-simulated two-dimensional spherulite growth and calculated scattered intensities. The impingement produces a lowering of the intensity of the scattering maximum and the diminishing of the overall sharpness of the scattering peak. The extent of these effects increases with area fraction of spherulites. A procedure is suggested for determining correction factors that may be applied to intensity data obtained during the course of spherulite crystallization. An interpretation is made of the type of average spherulite size determined from the scattering angle of maximum intensity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.180190105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the compatibility and morphology of semicrystalline poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(vinyl chloride) blends (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 21 (1983), S. 999-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Blends of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were investigated at concentrations of PCL greater than 50 wt % using purified materials. For these concentrations, PCL partially crystallizes with degrees of crystallinity ranging from 50% for pure PCL to 〈 10% for the 50% mixture. Small-angle x-ray scattering was used to characterize the resultant morphologies. Model calculations for the interference functions and for the integrated scattering indicate that PVC is incorporated between the PCL lamellae and that the two polymers form a homogeneous mixture in the amorphous phase. These results were compared to previous results on the same system using the identical technique. Purification of the two homopolymers proved to play a critical role in the overall mixing characteristics of PVC and PCL
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.180210701
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological studies on polybutylene terephthalateSupported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society, the General Electric Company, and the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of the University of Massachusetts. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 327-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) crystallized from the melt at various temperatures was studied by small-angle light scattering, polarizing microscopy, and wide-angle x-ray diffraction. Spherulites with a maltese cross at 45° to the polars formed at lower temperatures while spherulites having an apparently higher melting point with a maltese cross along the polars (0°-90°) formed at higher temperatures. The spherulite size and crystallinity increased with increasing crystallization temperature. The Hv scattering patterns arising from the spherulites formed at lower temperature showed intensity maxima at azimuthal angles of 0° and 90°, while those obtained at higher temperatures showed the more common 45° intensity maxima. Microtomed samples from molded PBT bars showed spherulites with a 45° maltese cross which changed to a 0°-90° maltese cross upon heating just prior to melting. The skin-core effect due to varying thermal histories in these molded bars was clearly observed. Solvent crystallized films contained positive 0°-90° spherulites. Some changes occurring upon uniaxial stretching of PBT films are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180215
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering studies of amorphous polymer blends (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 1593-1607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dilute mixtures of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(p-iodostyrene) (PpIS) in polystyrene, and deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) in protonated poly(o-chlorostyrene) (PoCIS) were investigated by means of small-angle x-ray scattering and small-angle neutron scattering. The radii of gyration of PCL in PVC and of d-PS in PoCIS were found to be expanded over the θ values by 50 and 30%, respectively. Values of the second virial coefficient were positive although errors prevented definitive evaluation of the interaction parameter. PpIS was found to aggregate, with both the radius of gyration and molecular weight increasing with concentration. Concentrated mixtures of PCL and PVC were also investigated by using the Debye-Bueche correlation function analysis. Correlation distances indicated good mixing throughout the entire composition range.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200908
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy study of the structure of normal and abnormal poly(butylene terephthalate) spherulitesSupported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Office (Durham), and the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Massachusetts. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1145-1158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Normal and abnormal spherulites of polybutylene terephthalate cast from solution in HFIP were investigated by electron microscopy (CTEM and STEM). Both spherulite types crystallize in the α form. The crystallite is biaxial with its greatest polarizability directions Z and Y oriented along the molecular chain and perpendicular to it in the plane of the terephthalate residue. In the normal spherulites, the [210]* direction is parallel to the radius direction, so that both Z and Y directions are oriented tangentially (negative spherulites). In the abnormal spherulites, the [111]* direction is parallel to the radius, and this explains the observed abnormal light scattering pattern.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180518
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal acoustic mode in linear aliphatic polyesters (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 2287-2294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The longitudinal acoustic mode has been observed in a series of linear aliphatic polyesters. In some cases, the vibrational frequencies observed do not strictly obey the expected inverse chain-length relationship. Both the periodicity measured in small-angle x-ray diffraction and the chain length deduced from Raman spectroscopy are highly dependent on thermal history.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180181113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-dimensional position-sensitive detector for small-angle light scattering (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 2041-2049 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A device has been developed for the rapid detection of intensity in two-dimensional small-angle light-scattering patterns. The device utilizes a vidicon detector and a microprocessor. Examples of applications of the device for small-angle light scattering from thin polymer films are presented.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180201106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering studies of the morphology of ionomers (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 1035-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Preliminary small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies have been made of different ionomers in the dry state and after saturation with water. Scattering from the dry samples arises from differences in the neutron scattering cross sections of the ionic and nonionic units in the polymer. The SANS technique is complementary to previous small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) studies since the SANS contrast differences are generally quite different than those for SAXS. A quantitative comparison is made of SANS and SAXS intensities for a dry cesium salt of an ethylene-methacrylic acid (E-MAA) copolymer. For water-saturated samples the technique of isotopic replacement can be used in conjunction with SANS since saturation can be effected with either H2O or D2O. In this case information about the chemical composition of the phases is obtained from an analysis of the intensity ratio ID2O/IH2O. Results are consistent with the presence of a separate phase containing water molecules and ions in a matrix of the nonionic units. A Guinier analysis gives a radius of gyration of 17 Å for a water-saturated cesium salt of an E-MAA copolymer.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180180510
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