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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 5 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Studies have been done on the absorption and metabolism of the hair colourant 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine (2-NPPD) in rats with particular reference to skin penetration.When [14C]2-NPPD was given orally or injected intraperitoneally into male and female rats, excretion was rapid and mainly in the faeces (60%) and urine (35%). No radioactivity was measurable in the expired air. At 3 days after dosing, approximately 2% of the dose was retained in the body.Application of [14C]2-NPPD in ethanol to the clipped skin of rats gave a high skin penetration. Male rats absorbed less (11.7 μg cm-2) through the skin than did female rats (24.6 μg cm-2).Application of [14C]2-NPPD in a solution of a hair colourant product base to the clipped skin of rats gave a high penetration if the skin was occluded or not rinsed. Penetration was much reduced after rinsing and protection by non-occlusive patches. With these latter conditions, skin penetration in clipped rats treated with a 0.5% (w/v) solution of [14C]2-NPPD doubled to 6.1 μg cm-2 when the contact time was increased from 5 to 30 minutes, increased two to three times after two and three repeated applications, increased in proportion to the applied concentration and was reduced by half when applied to unclipped skin.The metabolic pattern in urine from rats after different routes of administration showed only a trace of the parent [14C]2-NPPD but six other radioactive components. The identity of these components has not yet been fully resolved. Blood levels of radio-activity during 2 days after topical administration were low.Under realistic conditions of use by the consumer the calculated dose through the skin based on the experimental rat data is up to 10 μg/kg body weight per application of a semi-permanent hair colourant product containing 1% of 2-NPPD. L'adsorption transcutanée de la 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine On a étudié l'adsorption transcutanée et le métabolisme du colorant capillaire 2-nitro-p-phenylènediamine (2-NPPD) sur le rat.Lorsque la [14C]2-NPPD est administrée par voie orale ou injectée par voie intra-péritonéale sur des rats mâles et femelles, l'excrétion est rapide et principalement dans les fèces (60%) et dans les urines (35%). Il n'y a pas de radioactivité mesurable dans l'air expiré. Trois jours après l'administration, environ 2% de la dose est retenue dans l'organisme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 6 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of aqueous solutions of 2-hydroxyacids of chain length C3 to C10 on the extensibility of undamaged and solvent-damaged guinea-pig footpad stratum corneum has been studied. The increase in extensibility of solvent-damaged corneum, caused by treatment with hydroxyacid, reached a maximum with 2-hydroxycaprylic acid (C8); on undamaged corneum, 2-hydroxycaprylic acid was the only hydroxyacid studied to give a significant effect. The increase in corneum extensibility produced by 2-hydroxyacids decreases when the pH is raised from 3 to 4. This loss of effect correlates with the ionization of the hydroxyacid (pK˜ 3.85).The binding of radiolabelled 2-hydroxycaproic (C6) and 2-hydroxycaprylic acids to stratum corneum has been studied. 2-Hydroxycaprylic acid binds much more strongly than 2-hydroxycaproic acid, the difference in the binding being consistent with the hydrophobic binding energy of two methylene groups. Raising the pH above 3.5 results in a large decrease in the binding of 2-hydroxycaprylic acid in line with the corresponding reduction in extensibility.Treatment with 2-hydroxyacids results in a small increase in the water-binding capacity of solvent-damaged stratum corneum, but in a decrease in the water-binding capacity of undamaged stratum corneum. These data are discussed in terms of a possible mechanism for the plasticizing of stratum corneum. Effet des 2-hydroxyacides sur la couche cornée du coussin des pattes de cobaye
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flavor and selected chemical components of ground beef from 60 steers were studied as a function of days (up to 140) that corn was fed to steers after grazing on pasture. During the 140 days on corn, significant changes occurred in the fatty acid composition of ground beef and in its carbohydrate content, titratable acidity, volatile fatty acid content, aroma and flavor. Flavor changes were related to certain chemical components. Results indicate that finishing cattle on corn for periods longer than 80–90 days causes little change in beef flavor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 11 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The antagonist effects of indoramin were investigated in rabbit perfused ear artery, common carotid artery, and human perfused temporal artery preparations.2. Indoramin was a potent competitive antagonist of the constrictor effects of noradrenaline (NA) in all three preparations, pA2 values being 7.77 for the ear artery, 8.20 for the common carotid artery and 7.46 for the human temporal artery.3. The constrictor actions of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) were competitively antagonized by indoramin. The pA2 values obtained in the rabbit common carotid and human temporal artery (5.92 and 6.25, respectively), were lower than those for NA in the same preparations and lower than that obtained in the rabbit perfused ear artery (7.55).4. Indoramin was a potent competitive antagonist (pA2:8.31) of histamine-induced vasoconstriction in the rabbit perfused ear artery preparation.5. These results can be explained on the basis of previous findings that the action of 5-HT in the rabbit ear artery is mediated via an α-adrenoceptor, and that the rabbit common carotid artery contains true 5-HT receptors. The findings suggest that specific 5-HT receptors may be present in the human temporal artery and that α-adrenoceptor antagonism may be the pharmacological property of most relevance to the efficacy of indoramin in migraine prophylaxis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The economic feasibility of using the retort pouch for processing, packaging and distributing processed fruit and vegetable products during a period of rising energy prices was examined. A retort pouch packaging system was found to be the overall minimum cost packaging system among three packaging systems considered—an existing canning line, a new canning line, and a retort pouch line. Although the costs associated with acquiring and maintaining the durable machinery for retort pouch processing are significantly higher than for a new canning system or an existing canning system, other operating expenditures considered in the packaging systems are considerably lower. Lower freight costs, attributed to the lighter weight and smaller volume of pouches and the comparatively lower purchase price of retort pouches than cans, are the major contributors to the cost effectiveness of the retort pouch packaging system. Energy savings in processing the pouch versus the can are of little significance, but the comparatively lower amount of energy used in transportation and container manufacture has an important role in the cost effectiveness of the retort pouch packaging system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    London, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Slavonic and East European review. 59:1 (1981:Jan.) 101 
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  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Beverly Hills, Calif. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Environment and behavior. 13:6 (1981:Nov.) 717 
    ISSN: 0013-9165
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Psychology
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Saskatoon : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Canadian journal of history/Annales canadiennes d'histoire. 16:1 (1981:Apr.) 135 
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 332-336 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteon ; Bone mineral ; Porosity ; Bone density ; Phase structure of bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cortical bone, at the osteonal level, consists of three phases: mineral, organic, and pore or void phases. In osteonal segments excised from mature human cortical bone, organic volume percent is a constant. Determination of the mineral and organic phase densities present in these segments has led to defining a simple relationship between percent mineralization and void volume. Studies of a group of osteonal segments from 5 human tibias suggest that porosity of up to 22.7% may exist. This is much more than is suggested by histological examination, leading to the conclusion that the majority of the void phase is present as a dispersed porosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High pressure liquid chromatography was used to determine the identity of a black, oily leachate seeping into a spring-fed river. The leachate was identified as creosote by comparing a sample of the material to a sample of commercial creosote. As creosote contains a complex mixture of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), the direct introduction of creosote into a stream system provided an opportunity to study the kinetics of these hydrocarbons as sediment contaminants below the creosote source. Concentrations of PAH, calculated on the basis of the amounts of organic matter contained in the sediments, declined rapidly below the point source in a form readily approximated by double exponential equations. An important aspect of the pattern of decline encountered was that concentrations tended to become asymptotic. As a result, the river's sediments became contaminated over a considerable distance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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