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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical genetics of some seed proteins of Pinus radiata (1981)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 19 (1981), S. 585-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: seed proteins ; Pinus radiata ; size polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a high-salt soluble fraction of the total protein from single seeds of Pinus radiata, up to 45 polypeptides were resolved on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. At least one-fifth of these polypeptides showed variation between seeds. In the 27,000–29,000 dalton region, two polypeptides were inherited as codominant alleles at a single locus and were shown to assort independently of another seed protein locus and three allozyme loci. A survey of 120 individuals from the five known native populations of P. radiata in California detected only the 27K and 29K alleles at the locus. In all populations, the 29K allele predominated, and the two island populations were monomorphic for the 29K allele. The 27 and 29 kdalton polypeptides were shown to have very similar amino acid sequences, and the allelic difference at this locus is most probably in the gene sequence for the polypeptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484628
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three alcohol dehydrogenase genes in wild and cultivated barley: Characterization of the products of variant alleles (1984)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 22 (1984), S. 495-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; isozymes ; barley ; anaerobic induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and its wild progenitor (H. spontaneum) have three loci for alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1; ADH). The Adh1 locus is constitutively expressed in seed tissues, whereas expression of the loci Adh2 and Adh3 requires anaerobic induction. The Adh3 gene is well expressed in aleurone and embryo tissues kept under N2 for 2–3 days. Using N2-treated embryos, a diverse collection of H. spontaneum was screened in starch gels for electrophoretic variants at the Adh3 locus. Four variants were found: two were conventional mobility variants (Adh3 S, Adh3 V); one was a null variant (Adh3 n); and the fourth (Adh3 I) variant lacked active homodimers and showed reduced heterodimer activity. The 35S-labeled monomers induced under N2 in the lines homozygous for Adh1, Adh2, or Adh3 variants were immunoprecipitated with antiserum raised against maize ADH. Fluorography after separation by SDS-PAGE and by urea-isoelectric focusing indicated that the Adh3 n allele was CRM- and that the Adh3 I gene product was smaller than normal. The Adh1 and Adh3 variants showed independent segregation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484519
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of legumin and albumin contents in a cross between round and wrinkled peas (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Speed proteins ; Legumin ; Albumin ; Heritability ; Pisum ; Pea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Legumin and albumin are the fractions of pea seed proteins preferred to vicilin because of their high sulfur amino acid contents. The joint inheritance of legumin and albumin contents was studied in a cross between to contrasting lines of peas — one with high legumin and low albumin, and the other with low legumin and medium to high albumin. Single seed determinations were made in the parental, F1; F2 and backcross generations using rocket immunoelectrophoresis. In the non-segregating generations (P1, P2 and F1), legumin and albumin contents were negatively correlated (r=−≅0.50). The estimates of correlation coefficients in the segregating generations (F2, BC1 and BC2) were also about −0.5. However, the two estimates based on the round and on the wrinkled seeds separately in the F2 generation were not significantly different from zero. At least four individual round F2 seeds showed the desired recombination of high legumin with high albumin indicating that the unfavorable correlation can be broken. In this cross legumin content showed predominantly additive genetic variation whereas the dominance variance was the largest component for albumin content. A combined “relative sulfur index”, proposed as a convenient measure for selection, showed a narrow sense heritability of 47%. In general these results support the view that sulfur amino acid content of peas can be improved by breeding, but that the required selection regime must take both legumin and albumin content into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252322
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal heterogeneity of outcrossing rates in alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis R.T. Bak.) (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 57 (1980), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Eucalyptus ; Allozyme variation ; Breeding system ; Inbreeding ; Life cycles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three seed crops of a Eucalyptus delegatensis population were assayed for their allozyme genotype at three loci to determine estimates of mating system parameters. In the pollen the allelic frequencies at each of the three loci were similar to those in the parents and the progeny. Overall there was a significant amount of inbreeding (23%) in the population. The levels of outcrossing in each crop were significantly different from each other indicating apparent temporal variation in outcrossing rates. The outcrossing rate was greatest in the oldest crop (85%) and lowest in the most recent crop (66%). Mean heterozygosity in the progeny of all three crops was less than the heterozygosity in the parents indicating that selection favours heterozygotes during the life cycle. The implications of a ‘balanced’ mixed mating system for a eucalypt breeding program are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253877
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimum number of marker loci for estimating outcrossing in plant populations (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Multilocus procedures ; Electrophoresis ; Breeding systems ; Plant population genetics ; Statistical efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary For the measurements of outcrossing rates in plant populations, current electrophoretic procedures permit many loci to be scored per individual progeny. Given that the total experimental effort or cost is limited, the choice exists then between assaying a large number of loci on a restricted number of individuals, or assaying a large number of individuals at a few loci. Using simple models and the criterion of minimising the variance of the estimate, several factors which affect this choice are considered (levels of polymorphism, heterozygosity, linkage disequilibrium, pollen or outcrossing heterogeneity). The general conclusion is that the actual level of outcrossing is a major factor in determining experimental strategy. Maximum efficiency for estimating outcrossing in predominantly inbreeding plants comes from large samples assayed for few polymorphic loci. In contrast, in predominantly outcrossing plants, more loci should be assayed at the expense of sample size for improved statistical efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272848
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity and environmental associations of wild wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 241-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; Allozyme polymorphisms ; Genetic and ecological diversity ; Sampling and conservation strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Allozyme variation in the tetraploid wild progenitor of wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, was studied for the proteins encoded by about 50 gene loci in 457 individuals representing 12 populations from Israel. Six spikelet morphological traits were measured in the same populations. The results indicate that: (a) 16 loci (= 32%) were monomorphic in all 12 populations, 15 loci (= 30%) were locally polymorphic, and 19 loci (= 38%) were regionally polymorphic. All polymorphic loci (but one) displayed high levels of polymorphism (≧ 10%). In Israel, the proportion of polymorphic loci per population, P, in wild wheat averaged 0.25 (range, 0.16–0.38), and the genetic diversity index, He averaged 0.07, (range, 0.03 – 0.12). (b) Altogether there were 110 alleles at the 50 putative loci tested (c) Genetic differentiation of populations included regional and local patterns: (i) The coefficients of genetic distance between populations were high (mean D = 0.10 range, 0.02 – 0.25), and indicated sharp genetic differentiation over short distances, (ii) Common (≧ 10%) but sporadic and localized alleles were frequent (76%), and (iii) Rare alleles were few (only 5 alleles). (d) The patterns of allozyme and spikelet variation in the wild gene pool were significantly correlated with, and partly predictable by, water factors, including those of precipitation, evaporation, and relative humidity as well as of soil type, (e) All six spikelet characters showed statistically significant variation among localities and (f) Allozymic variation was correlated with spikelet variation. These results suggest in T. dicoccoides: (i) the operation of natural selection in population genetic structure, (ii) local adaptive genetic differentiation caused by diversifying selection through climate and soil, and (iii) the guidelines for sampling these resources for use in wheat breeding programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276247
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microgeographic edaphic differentiation in allozyme polymorphisms of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum, Poaceae) (1981)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 138 (1981), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Hordeum spontaneum ; Allozymes ; microgeographic differentiation ; population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allozymic variation in proteins encoded by 22 loci was analyzed electrophoretically in 278 individual plants of wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum, the progenitor of cultivated barley, in four 100 meter transects, in Israel, each equally subdivided into basalt and terra rossa soil types. Significant differentiation according to soil was found in 9 alleles. Our results suggest that allozyme polymorphisms in wild barley are at least partly adaptive, and differentiate by edaphic natural selection rather than by stochastic processes, and/or neutrality of allozymic variants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985193
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population-genetic structure and optimal sampling of land races of barley from Iran (1982)
    Springer
    Genetica 58 (1982), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allozyme variation at 25 genetic loci was assayed in twelve indigenous cultivars (land races) of barley from Iran. For these loci the average probability that two gametes drawn at random from one population would differ at a locus was 0.082. In the collection as a whole, this measure of genetic diversity was 0.161, so that about half the total diversity was distributed between populations. Of the total of 31 allozyme variants, about half were common (frequency 〉0.10) in only one or two regions. The results were compared with diversity estimates based on spike morphological polymorphisms; with allozyme polymorphism in two composite crosses (CC21 and CC34) of cultivated barley; and with previous results for allozyme polymorphism in Israel populations of wild barley. In the land race samples, the diversity of spike types was a poor index of allozyme diversity. The total allozyme diversity in this collection of land races was intermediate between the moderate levels in composite crosses and the high levels in Hordeum spontaneum from Israel. These results emphasize the role of land races as valuable genetic resources for plant breeding. They support sampling strategies which, by taking samples of moderate size from many sites, emphasize the collection of locally common alleles, as against strategies framed to capture the rare, conspicuous morphological variant by intensive or biased sampling, or strategies based on collecting the extreme ecotypes from a cline. The chromosomal location of 20 of the allozyme loci as deduced from wheat-barley addition lines, is listed in the appendix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056775
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