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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 294 (1981), S. 761-763 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two adolescent male macaque monkeys were used. One had taken part in behavioural tests of memory and had received surgical section of the fornix 6 months before the present study. The other had a high antibody titre to Herpes simiae and could therefore not be used in long-term experiments. There ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 48 (1982), S. 149-152 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Neonatal rats ; Acuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tectal ablation in neonatal rats leads to retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells whereas similar damage in adults does not. We show here that the behavioral effects are comparably different. When rats with neonatal tectal ablation are tested as adults they are impaired in learning a discrimination between vertical and horizontal stripes and their visual acuity for square-wave gratings is slightly but significantly reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Rats ; Development ; Acuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The superior colliculi were removed in rats on the day of birth or five days after birth. When tested as adults the visual acuity of the two groups was not significantly different but both groups had significantly poorer visual acuity than an unoperated control group that was otherwise similarly treated from birth. However, the two operated groups had significantly different retrograde ganglion cell degeneration as a result of the collicular damage, indicating that there is no simple relationship between ganglion cell density and visual acuity. The results can be explained if the still unknown population of ganglion cells that projects to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in rats is not differentially affected by collicular damage at different ages in the first week of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GABA uptake ; Golgi impregnation ; Interneurons ; Inhibition ; Monkey visual cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 3H-GABA was injected into restricted regions of visual areas 1 and 2 (cortical areas 17 and 18) on the lateral surface of the occipital lobe in monkeys. The injected tissue was processed for Golgi impregnation and gold toning. Sections containing Golgi-impregnated neurons were re-embedded, sectioned at 1 μm, and prepared for autoradiography to reveal neurones that had selectively accumulated 3H-GABA. Golgi-impregnated pyramidal, spiny stellate and aspiny nonpyramidal neurons were examined for 3H-GABA accumulation. Out of 47 aspiny nonpyramidal neurons 16 were labelled by 3H-GABA. The other cell types did not accumulate the amino acid. Twelve of the labelled neurons were drawn. Eight were bitufted neurons with their dendrites oriented predominantly radially, three were small multipolar neurons, and one could be reconstructed only partially. One neuron had a locally arborizing axon in layer III. Two bitufted, Golgi-impregnated neurons in layer II and upper III of area 18 were labelled from GABA injection radially beneath in layer VI, providing evidence for earlier suggestions that in the monkey's visual cortex the cells in the upper layers which project radially and accumulate 3H-GABA are aspiny non-pyramidal cells. The results indicate the existence of different types of putative GABA-ergic interneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 56 (1984), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Pretectum ; Visual movement ; Oculomotor disorders ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to detect an instantaneous lateral displacement of a small spot of light. The smallest movement for 79% correct performance was then determined. Severing the splenium of the corpus callosum, which has to be done to reveal the superior colliculi, had no effect on the movement threshold. But when the superior colliculi were damaged in addition, there was an initial substantial impairment in the detection of movement and a smaller but permanent elevation in the threshold. Only if the rostral superior colliculi and pretectum were spared, was there no change in threshold, and there was evidence that the pretectal rather than collicular damage may be more important in relation to movement discrimination. Tests with human observers performing the same task showed that the threshold can be elevated by imprecise fixation and accomodation, suggesting that the consequences of mid-brain damage on movement detection may be wholly or in large part attributed to oculomotor disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 43 (1981), S. 226-228 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retina ; Ganglion cells ; Monkey ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of the ganglion cells of the monkey's retina was revealed by filling the cells with horseradish peroxidase from their cut axons in the optic nerve. This procedure gave much more consistent results than the Golgi method, was much quicker and filled dendrites just as extensively. Quantitative measures of the dendritic tree of two types of ganglion cell, Pα and Pβ, suggest that they correspond to the physiologically defined Y- and X-cells, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 44 (1981), S. 34-40 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retrograde tracers ; Double labelling ; Retina ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By injecting two different tracers, one in each lateral geniculate nucleus, it was shown that some retinal ganglion cells project to both hemispheres in the rat. The double-labelled ganglion cells were confined to the temporal retina corresponding to the binocular visual field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 251-260 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Corollary discharge ; Monkeys ; Visual movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurological basis of the maintenance of a stable visual scene by means of a corollary discharge mechanism was investigated. Monkeys were trained to detect and respond to sudden rapid movement of a small spot of light in an otherwise totally dark environment. There was no evidence that after removal of the frontal eye-fields, superior colliculi, or caudal superior temporal sulcus the animals confused real movement of the target with retinal image movement caused by changing the position of head and eyes. This result was confirmed by an examination of the ipsiversive turning that follows unilateral frontal eye-field or collicular ablation. If the turning is a compensation for apparent movement of the visual world when the eyes are moved it should not be present in total darkness. It was still present. The thresholds for the smallest detectable instantaneous displacement of the target were also measured. The threshold was impaired by bilateral superior colliculus lesions but not by removal of the frontal eye-fields or cortex of the caudal part of the superior temporal sulcus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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