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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: d-tubocurarine ; Org-NC45 ; pancuronium ; stimulation ; parameters ; influence on potency of neuromuscular blocking agents ; reversal of neuromuscular block ; succinylcholine ; T4 test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Voluntary muscle movements in mammalian muscles are initiated by short trains of 16 to 60 Hz impulses (Zierler, 1974). Despite this in most neurophysiological and neuropharmacological studies either single stimuli of 0.1 to 2 Hz or 5 to 10 sec 50 to 500 Hz tetani have been employed. Neither of these two types of stimuli are ideal for the testing of the functional integrity of the motor unit. Stimulation with single impulses, at slow rates, does not reveal incipient pathological or drug induced defects. Recovery of neuromuscular (NM) activity after 5 to 10 sec tetanic stimulation is prolonged and after repeated stimulation of this type the preparations decay rapidly. Stimulation with 0.1 sec trains of 50 Hz impulses applied every 10 to 20 sec eliminate the above disadvantages. This type of stimulation represents adequate challenge for revealing more moderate degrees of functional defects of the myoneural apparatus without causing rapid decay of thein vitro orin vivo preparations. In agreement with this the ED50 of NM blocking agents were found to be significantly lower in both thein vitro phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation and thein vivo sciatic nervetibialis anterior muscle preparation of rats during stimulation with 0.1 sec trains of 50 Hz impulses, than when single stimuli of 0.1 Hz were used. Recovery of thein vitro preparations after washout orin vivo after discontinuation of the infusion was also slower during stimulation with short trains of tetani. The antagonist potency of anticholinesterases or 4-aminopyridine and maximal recovery after the use of the optimal concentrations of these antagonists was less in the preparations stimulated with short trains of tetani than in those stimulated with single impulses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Neutral amino acid ; Hepatic failure ; Amino acid transport into the brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The accelerated transport of the blood neutral amino acids into the brain in encephalopathic patients with fulminant hepatitis and advanced liver cirrhosis was demonstrated not only by determining the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aminogram but also by calculating the predicted velocity of the amino acid transport through the blood-brain barrier. Significant elevation in CSF aromatic amino acid (AAA) and methionine levels was observed in the encephalopathic patients. Arousal from hepatic encephalopathy by drip infusion of a branched chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched solution was obtained coincidentally with the elevated BCAA levels and diminished concentrations of AAA and methionine in CSF. These clinical observations were confirmed experimentally in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) andd-galactosamine by obtaining the elevation of neutral amino acid contents in the brain and the slight increase in the brain uptake index (BUI) of a radiolabeled amino acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 184 (1984), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Hepatic regeneration ; Partial hepatectomy ; Liver damage ; Repair of liver damage ; CCl4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pleomorphism of hepatic regeneration was studied in acute liver injury and partial hepatectomy of rats. Increases in3H-thymidine incorporation into the liver DNA fraction and in liver ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity were observed similarly in acute liver injury and following a two-thirds partial hepatectomy in normal rats. However, the increase in serum AFP levels was significant only in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats, and the portal-peripheral vein difference in plasma glucagon concentrations was great only in rats that underwent a partial hepatectomy. The weight of the remaining liver increased rapidly following a 67% hepatectomy in normal rats, but not in cirrhotic rats, of which three of five died within 6 days. Increases in liver prostaglandin E levels,14C-orotate incorporation into the liver RNA fraction and hepatic ODC activity were observed up to 10 h following a partial hepatectomy of normal liver but not after similar removal of cirrhotic liver. Three kinds of hepatic regeneration, i.e., normal and pathologic regeneration following surgical removal of either normal or injured liver and repair of liver damage following chemically induced liver deficiency, were proposed from the observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: 125I-labelled concanavalin A ; human erythrocyte ; diabetes mellitus ; glycosylated haemoglobin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Percentage binding of 125I-labelled concanavalin A to erythrocytes in diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (12.2 ±2.8 versus 8.1±1.8%, mean ± SD, p〈 0.001). Insulin-dependent diabetic patients showed significantly higher concanavalin A binding than non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (15.0±1.4 versus 11.4±2.5%, p〈0.01). There was a highly significant correlation between percentage binding of 125I-labelled concanavalin A and glycosylated haemoglobin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 563-564 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Algal chloroplast nucleoids were compared by epifluorescent microscopy.Cyanidium caldarium strain RK-1 or 001 has a rod-shaped chloroplast nucleoid whileCyanidium caldarium (Chroococcidiopsis sp.) strain M-8 or 002 has a circular chloroplast nucleoid along the periphery of a multilobed chloroplast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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