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  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 39 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In view of the revived interest in sainfoin, an economic assessment of the prospects for an expansion of its area in Britain has been attempted. It is estimated that potentially it could be grown on 950 × 103 ha of the agricultural area of England and Wales, though it is unlikely in the near future that it would exceed 20 × 103 ha, even if economic conditions were favourable. Comparison of the energy and protein yields of sainfoin, red clover and lucerne under conservation management indicates that one of the attractions of sainfoin is its high protein content. However, an assessment of the costs of production and utilization of sainfoin indicate that, for it to be a more widely used legume, sustainable dry matter (DM) yields would need to be increased by 35% to about 11.5 × 103 kg DM ha−1. At the same time, although growing sainfoin as a mixture with grass appears to improve the economic attractiveness of the crop, silage production costs (kg DM)−1 are still about 15% lower on pure grass swards. However, trials in the UK, Canada and Rumania have shown that, compared to current UK levels, sainfoin yields can be significantly increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 38 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Release of hormones peri-operatively in patients with metastatic carcinoids may lead to severe circulatory and respiratory disturbances. Fourteen patients with liver metastases were studied during 16 operations with a modified neurolept anaesthesia in order to evaluate the central haemodynamic and respiratory functions as well as plasma serotonin levels. The premedication in five patients was supplemented with levopromazine. During the 11 operations performed on patients not pretreated with levopromazine, no major significant fluctuations in circulatory or respiratory functions were recorded although big variations in serotonin plasma levels were measured. In the patients treated with levopromazine, however, significant changes were observed in heart rate, mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, and left and right ventricular stroke work especially during flushing episodes. However, these changes did not correlate with the changes in plasma serotonin levels. Modified neurolept anaesthesia without levopromazine pretreatment combined with careful monitoring seems to be a safe procedure for carcinoid patients. Using this type of anaesthetic procedure only one major complication occurred in connexion with 16 major operations and then in the postoperative period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 36 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effect of artificial dehydration and processing of red clover on nutrient digestion and absorption has been studied with sheep. A total of three diets were fed, each at an intake of 900 g DM d-1; comprising frozen (to represent fresh control), wafered and pelleted red clover.Dehydration caused small depressions in energy and N digestibility. Grinding and pelleting had no further effect, although both treatments reduced the amount of energy digestion occurring in the rumen, frozen 63, dried 60, pelleted 48 MJ per 100 MJ digestible energy. Digestion of energy in the caecum and colon was increased on both dried diets, and in the small intestine on the pelleted diet.Almost 40% of the extra duodenal energy on the pelleted diet was due to increased cellulose flow, with only 79% of digestible cellulose being digested in the rumen compared with 96% on the other two diets. There was an associated decrease in ruminal volatile fatty acid production of approx. 20%. Approximately half of the extra energy was due to an elevated flow of protein on the pelleted diet, but this increase was not reflected in amino acid absorption due to a reduced efficiency with the dried diets (frozen 72%, dried diets 54%).The results demonstrate that dehydration and processing of red clover can markedly influence nutrient digestion and supply and thus offer attractive means of improving the nutritive value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Charlottesville : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Virginia Quarterly Review. 56:4 (1980:Autumn) 735 
    ISSN: 0042-675X
    Topics: English, American Studies
    Notes: DISCUSSIONS OF NEW BOOKS
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 111 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leukocytes from patients with early cancer exhibit leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) when incubated with extracts of cancer of the same organ and histogenesis, whereas leukocytes from patients with advanced cancer seldom do. To understand the reason for this refractory state, tumor antigen-induced LAI and transmembrane signalling were measured in the same leukocytes. Transmembrane signalling was measured by changes in membrane potential (ΔΨ) by the [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium equilibration technique. When leukocytes from patients with early breast cancer were incubated with extracts of breast cancer and malignant melanoma they showed ΔΨ changes consisting of depolarization and hyperpolarization beginning within 0.5 min after addition of the breast cancer extract and finishing 15 min later. Moreover, they showed no ΔΨ changes when incubated with extracts of normal breast tissue. Leukocytes from subjects without cancer seldom showed ΔΨ changes. In criss-cross experiments, leukocytes from patients with melanoma only exhibited ΔΨ changes when incubated with the melanoma extract. There was a strong correlation between cancer extract-induced ΔΨ change and LAI. The ΔΨ change was triggered by leukotriene-like mediators from antibody-dependent monocytes. Authentic leukotrienes triggered ΔΨ changes in all subpopulation of leukocytes. Leukocytes from patients with advanced breast cancer when incubated with breast cancer extract did not transmit a signal or show LAI. Brief elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP restored both ΔΨ change and LAI induced by breast cancer extracts, indicating that reactive leukocytes are present but in a refractory state. We conclude that leukocytes from patients with advanced cancer do not react in LAI because tumor antigen does not trigger a transmembrane signal to initiate the cascade of biochemical reactions and physiological changes for LAI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 7 (1980), S. 263-269 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antitumor immunity assayed by tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) is suppressed during and for up to 1–3 weeks after surgery. The results of this study suggest that when cortisol is elevated above physiologic levels by the stress of surgery this has a marked suppressive effect on the LAI-reactive cell. Cortisol added to the in vitro tube LAI assay had a two-phase effect. Cortisol at concentrations about two-fold above physiologic levels inhibited the sensitization of the peripheral blood leukocytes with cytophilic IgG antitumor antibody; however, if the cell was already armed, the cortisol did not negate its LAI reactivity. Higher concentrations of cortisol had a direct inhibitory effect on the LAI-reactive cells' ability to react with tumor antigen whether or not the cells were armed. In addition, the in vivo elevation of cortisol by the administration of cortisone acetate to LAI-positive patients inhibited the LAI reactivity of their leukocytes. Stress-induced elevation of cortisol by surgery may have an adverse effect on resistance to tumor growth, and the extent of the immunodepression may be one of the variables in the difference in survival of patients with cancers with similar degrees of invasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 8 (1980), S. 127-132 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Animals bearing a 3-methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma called MC1 rejected substantial numbers of a suspension of the same tumor cells injected IV in comparison with normal rats. The factors that protected the host against lung metastases were impaired by the administration of tumor antigen in the form of irradiated tumor cells or soluble tumor antigen. Animals bearing an MC1 tumor which received either unrelated MC11 irradiated tumor cells or soluble tumor antigen had more lung metastasis than the animals not given any tumor products. However, a statistically significant increase in the number of lung tumor nodules was observed in the rats treated with MC1, compared with those treated with MC11 tumor antigen (soluble tumor antigen or irradiated tumor cells) or no tumor antigen. The increase in the outgrowth of lung tumor nodules in the tumor-bearing host given an excess of tumor materials was produced by a dual mechanism of inhibition of the concomitant immune resistance and nonspecific resistance. The present study shows that soluble tumor antigen similar to material shed from a primary tumor is able to impair concomitant immune resistance to tumor cells within the lungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 27 (1983), S. 163-169 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent papers by Wilson et al. (1981b) and Legg and Raupach (1982) give methods for the calculation of particle trajectories in turbulence with a gradient in vertical velocity variance Σ 2 w. However the two methods seem contradictory. This paper demonstrates that in systems in which l(dΣ w /dz) (where / is the length scale) varies only slowly with height z, the two methods give similar predictions, and indicates why this is the case. For a particular system in which the restriction on l(dΣ w /dz) is not satisfied, it is shown that neither method is correct but that a simple modification of the method of Wilson et al. (1981b) gives reasonable predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The integral equation method is related to the random walk modelling that has proved so effective and popular in recent years. The I.E. method, by using simple probability techniques, avoids the inefficient determination of thousands of trajectories in order to build up concentration profiles. In fact it is so simple and efficient it can be run on a conventional programmable calculator. The method is applied to passive material being released from an elevated source within a neutrally stable surface layer over a uniform surface, and also to an instantaneous release when the effect of wind shear is examined. The latter scenario is also studied using random walk techniques and a comparison of the solutions obtained. Agreement is very good, although downwind spread is shown to be quite sensitive to gridlength size in the I.E. method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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