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  • 1975-1979  (7)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1965-1969  (3)
  • 1960-1964  (5)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (17)
  • Avoidance
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A controlled comparison of drug effects on escape from conditioned aversive stimulation (“anxiety”) and from continuous shock (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 22 (1971), S. 323-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlorpromazine ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Avoidance ; Anxiety ; Escape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Squirrel monkeys were presented with two stimuli in alternation, separated by time out periods during which neither was present. One was white noise accompanied by irregularly spaced pulses of shock, the other continuous shock at a lower intensity. Following an interval of time which varied in an unpredictable sequence, the next depression of the response lever turned the stimulus off. The schedule on which termination was possible was identical for the two stimuli, and the intensity of the continuous shock was adjusted to a level that produced approximately equal frequencies of pressing, typically from 40 to 80 responses per minute. Doses of chlordiazepoxide ranging from 2.5 to 10.0 mg/kg, i.p., produced a significantly greater decrease in the rate of response in the presence of the continuous shock than in the presence of the noise. On the other hand, doses of chlorpromazine ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg, i.p., produced no differential effect. Previous findings of selective action on behavior that terminates signals paired with shock (avoidance) may be related to differences in experimental contingencies or in the pre-drug strength of the two performances compared, rather than to the effect of chlorpromazine on an experimental analogue of human anxiety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406871
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A re-examination of the cloacal sacs and gland of the blind snake, Leptotyphlops dulcis (Reptilia: Leptotyphlopidae) (1971)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 133 (1971), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cloacal sacs of Leptotyphlops dulcis are nonglandular, posterior evaginations of the cloaca. The median cloacal gland is tubuloalveolar. Similar unpaired cloacal glands as well as paired sacs are noted in certain colubrid snakes. Terminology applied to these cloacal derivatives is discussed, and a standardization of names is provided.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051330303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the metalophilic reticuloendothelial cells to cells containing acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase in the lymphoid nodules of normal and stimulated rat spleensMaterials were purchased on grant no. 407 from the American Medical Association. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 149 (1964), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between Marshall's metalophilic reticular cells and the cells exhibiting non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase activity in the rat spleen. Untreated and stimulated animals were used. Observations were made chiefly on the marginal metalophils of Snook. These cells showed strong acid phosphatase activity but only slight non-specific esterase activity in untreated animals. Following stimulation non-specific esterase activity increased in these cells. Within the nodules metalophilic reticular cells were always more numerous than cells with enzyme activity. Many of these metalophilic cells developed enzyme activity following stimulation. By the use of a restaining technique it was shown that all reticular cells possessing enzyme activity were also metalophilic but that the converse was not true. No mitotic activity was present in these cells.The results suggest that Marshall's metalophils are cells of the reticuloendothelial system in various stages of maturation and that, following stimulation, they may differentiate into mature phagocytic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091490209
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The passage of exogenous peroxidase from blood capillaries into the intestinal epithelium (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the spleens of mice and the animals were sacrificed ten minutes after injection. The tissues were reacted with 3-3′ diaminobenzidine hydrochloride and the distribution of the reaction product was studied with both the light and electron microscope. The peroxidase was localized between epithelial cells up to the region of the tight junction and within vacuoles in the absorptive cells Granules ranging in size from ca. 40A to 600A were observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in numbers far in excess of that found in control specimens. It appeared that the diffuse light brown staining observed in epithelial cells with the light microscope could be attributed to large numbers of granules of reaction product free in the cytoplasm. When corn oil was given by stomach tube and an intravascular injection of perioxidase was given ten minutes later, absorbed lipid was found to pass from interepithelial cell spaces to lamina propria at the same time that peroxidase was traversing the same compartments in the reverse direction. Hence, it was shown that exogenous peroxidase and probably other substances of vascular origin required for the metabolism of epithelial cells are exposed to both the basal and lateral epithelial cell membranes, even when absorbed lipid is traversing the same spaces in the opposite direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091590205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaginal cycles in the rat after x-ray or other damage to one or both ovariesAided by grants from National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service and the University of Illinois Research Board, The Graduate College. (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 144 (1962), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Damage to the rat ovary at 60 days of age causes irregularities in the estrous cycle and leads to continuous cornification of the vagina. These vaginal changes occurred within two to three months after bilateral irradiation (800 or 2,000 r) or after bilateral castration and autotransplantation of a portion of one ovary. Unilateral irradiation or ligation of the ovarian arteries at their junction with the uterine artery produces similar changes within five to seven months. Comparable vaginal changes did not occur in control animals until they reached the age of ten months.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091440403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Number of rat ova implanting after sub-sterilizing X-irradiation of one or both ovariesAided by grants from National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service and the University of Illinois Research Board, The Graduate College. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 146 (1963), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Irradiation with 800 r of x-ray was applied to the exteriorized left ovary, to both ovaries or to the left ovary after unilateral (right) castration of 60day old rats. Treated females were placed with the male at 60, 70, 80 or 90 days of age. Females were explored at eight or nine days after sperm were found in the morning smears to determine the number of implanations.The number of matings was reduced during the period of normal vaginal cycles. Matings did occur after the unset of continuous vaginal cornification.Animals with an irradiated left and a normal right ovary maintained an average number of implantations through pregnancies one to seven. The normal ovary compensated for the loss of production by the irradiated ovary. Bilateral irradiation caused a decrease in implantations in the second and third pregnancies. In individual cases, however, thenormal complement for a single ovary occurred as late as 201 days after irradiation. The irradiated ovary in the absence of the other ovary compensated by producing more implantations; its period of production was limited to 31 days following irradiation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091460312
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of ova in the rat uterusThis work was supported by a grant from the University of Illinois Research Board, The Graduate College. (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 143 (1962), S. 239-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091430308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the urostyle during metamorphosis in five species of anurans (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 311-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Normal development of the urostyle is described during late stages of metamorphosis in five species of anurans: Xenopus laevis (Daudin), Bufo americanus Holbrook, Pseudacris triseriata (Wied), Hyla chrysoscelis Cope, and Rana pipiens Schreber. The developing urostyle of all five species is composed of essentially the same cartilaginous elements: one pair of basidorsals above the notochord and the subtended hypochord. Among the five species there is variation in such details as the number of spinal nerve foramina and the degree of fusion of the basidorsals; however, both the hypochord and basidorsals are very similar in all five genera examined. Consideration of the literature suggests that contradictory descriptions of the developing urostyle result from (1) varied methods of study (alizarin-staining of whole specimens or serial cross-sections), (2) the variety of species examined, and (3) the particular stage of development of the tadpole described by an investigator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051590303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative radioautographic study of chondrocytic proliferation in nasal septal cartilage of the 5-day-old rat, rabbit, guinea pig and beagleThis investigation was supported in part by USPHA Program Project Grant DE 00853 from the National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland. (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 154 (1979), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Growth sites within the cartilaginous nasal septa of four different species of animals (5-day-old rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and beagles) were identified by monitoring cellular proliferation radioautographically. A statistical analysis (MANOVA) was employed. It showed that, of the six combinations compared (rat-beagle, rat-guinea pig, rat-rabbit, beagle-guinea pig, beagle-rabbit, and guinea pig-rabbit), in only one (beagle-guinea pig) was there any similarity in growth pattern. The other five combinations all were significantly different. Since no particular areas emerged, with any consistency, as common growth sites within any of the four kinds of septa, it was concluded that the nasal septum might well play a passive role in midfacial growth, rather than an active role as previously thought.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001540308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A radioautographic study of chondrocytic proliferation in nasal septal cartilage of the newborn rat This investigation was supported in part by USPHA Program Project Grant DE 00853 from the National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 150 (1977), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Growth sites within the newborn cartilaginous nasal septum have been identified by monitoring chondrocytic proliferation radioautographically. Tritiated thymidine was the labeling agent used. The results were tabulated and charted graphically; they showed the overall septum to be relatively active mitotically, yielding an average of 3.54 labeled cells per microscopic field counted. However, certain areas showed greater activity than others, namely the anterior tip (4.51 labeled cells/field), the midportion (3.98 labeled cells/field) and the posterior section of the presphenoidal tail (4.24 labeled cells/field).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001500405
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