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  • 1975-1979  (20)
  • 1970-1974  (17)
  • Chemistry  (36)
  • Autoradiography  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 915-938 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The integro-differential growth model of Eakman, Fredriekson, and Tsuehiya has been employed to fit cell size distribution data for Schizosaccharomyces pombe grown in a chemostat under severe product inhibition by ethanol. The distributions were obtained with a Coulter aperture and an electronic system patterned after that of Harvey and Marr. Four parameters - mean cell division size, cell division size standard deviation, daughter cell size standard deviation, and a growth rate coefficient - were calculated for models where the cell growth rate was inversely proportional to size, constant, and proportional to size. A fourth model, one where sigmoidal growth behavior was simulated by two linear growth segments, was also investigated. Linear and sigmoidal models fit the distribution data best. While the mean cell division size remained relatively constant at all growth rates, standard deviation of division size distribution increased with increasing holding times. Standard deviation of the daughter size distribution remained small at all dilution rates. Unlike previous findings with other organisms, the average cell size of Schizosaccharomyces pobme increased at low growth rates.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 1245-1257 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Both Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained from oriented fibers of sodium deoxyribonucleic acid (Na-DNA) as a function of salt content and relative humidity. We have confirmed the previously reported X-ray results that, for oriented fibers, the A-form always exists between 75 and 92% relative humidity and that the conformation will change to the B-form at 92% relative humidity only if an excess (3-5%) of added salt is present. Oriented fibers containing low amounts of added salt remain in the A-type conformation at 92% relative humidity and higher. An exact correlation has been found between the familiar A- and B-type X-ray diffraction patterns of DNA fibers and the Raman spectra previously reported without X-ray verification from this laboratory for the A- and B-forms. In particular, a band at 807 cm-1 was always present when a fiber showed the A-type diffraction pattern, and this band shifts to 790 cm-1 in the B-form. Using the Raman spectrum to determine the specific conformation of DNA in samples less amenable to X-ray analysis, we have studied the A ⇄ Btransformation in unoriented fibrous masses of DNA and in concentrated, oriented gels. We find that in unoriented fibrous masses, the A ⇄ B transition always occurs at 92% relative humidity even at very low salt concentration (0-4%). However, in oriented DNA gels at low salt, the A-form can persist as a metastable state to concentration as low as 20% DNA. The origin of the bands at 807 and 790 cm-1 and the possible biological implications of these findings are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 465-474 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A systematic study of the effect of potassium hydroxide on the autoxidation of poly(propylene oxide)s with number average molecular weights, M̄n, in the range 400-3000 has been made in the range of temperature 110-140°C. For all the polymers a considerable increase in the induction time was produced by KOH in solution in the polymer, the increase being most marked for the polymer of lowest molecular weight. For the polymers of molecular weight 1000 and lower, the rate of the subsequent autoxidation was considerably reduced by the KOH, the effect being greatest for the polymer of molecular weight 400. For polymers of molecular weight 2000 and above no change in rate was observed. The effectiveness of KOH as an antioxidant is shown to depend on the concentration of terminal hydroxyl groups and is explained by the non-radical decomposition of RO-2 ions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2635-2655 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung, der absoluten Streukraft und der Dimensionen der Einheitszelle wurden für eine Reihe von 1,3,5-Trioxan - 1,3-Dioxolan Copolymeren gemessen. Der Vergleich dieser Werte mit den von Wilski an den gleichen Proben gemessenen spezifischen Volumina zeigte, daß die Struktur dieser Copolymeren in guter Näherung durch ein Zweiphasenmodell beschrieben werden kann.Die bei Temperaturerhöhung stattfindenden Änderungen der Streukraft, der Langperiode und des Kristallisationsgrades sind reversibel, so lange die ursprüngliche Temper-Temperatur nicht überschritten wird. Die Intensitätsänderungen der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung und das Anwachsen der Langperiode lassen sich nicht auf die thermische Ausdhnung zurückführen. Zur Deutung muß man die bekannte Erscheinung des partiellen Schmelzens heranziehen. Verschiedene Modelle für die beim partiellen Schmelzen stattfindenden Strukturänderungen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The temperature dependences of the absolute small angle X-ray scattering powers and of the unit cell spacings of a series of 1,3,5-trioxane - 1,3-dioxolane copolymers were measured. From a comparison of these data and of the specific volume values measured by Wilski it is concluded that values of crystallinity calculated in a conventional manner provide meaningful parameters when discussing the microstructure of these materials.The measurements were made on annealed samples. At temperatures below the original annealing temperatures changes in small angle scattering power, long periods and crystallinities of the samples were observed. These changes were reversible with temperature and were too large to be explained by thermal expansion. It is concluded that the copolymers display the phenomenon known as partial melting. Possible structural explanations of this effect are examined.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Messungen der Linienbreite in den 1H NMR-Spektren von D2O Lösungen von Polymethacrylsäure (PMA) und von hydrolysiertem Butylvinyläther/Maleinsäureanhydrid Copolymer zeigen eine scharfe Abnahme der Linienbreite der Seitenkettenresonanzsignale bei einem Neutralisationsgrad α ≈ 0,2. Dies ist der Bereich, in dem schon früher potentiometrische Titrationen einen Konformationsübergang aufzeigten. Ein solcher Wechsel tritt weder bei der Polyacrylsäure noch beim Methylvinyläther/Maleinsäureanhydrid Copolymer auf. Die Art des Konformationsübergangs wird auf der Grundlage der Rotationsfreiheit der Seitenketten um die Hauptkette diskutiert.
    Notes: Linewidth measurements on the 1H NMR spectra of D2O solutions of poly(methacrylic acid), (PMA), and the hydrolyzed form of butyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer show a sharp decrease in the linewidths of side chain resonances at a degree of neutralization α ≈ 0,2. This is the region in which potentiometric titrations previously have shown a conformational transition to occur. Such a change does not occur in poly(acrylic acid) on the one hand and methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer on the other. The nature of the transition is discussed in terms of the freedom of rotation of the side chains about the main chain.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 3207-3223 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Verhalten der Viskositätszahl von Fraktionen niedrigen Molekulargewichtes ataktischer Polyacrylsäure bei 50% und 100% Neutralisation und verschiedenen Konzentrationen hinzugefügten Natriumchlorids wird untersucht. In salzfreier Lösung nimmt das 100%ig neutralisierte Polymere die Gestalt eines starren Stäbchens an. Die Ergebnisse bei NaCl-Konzentrationen über 0,02mol/l lassen sich durch ein undurchspültes statistisches Knäuel interpretieren.Die Werte von KΘ werden nach der Methode von Stockmayer-Fixman bestimmt. Dabei nimmt KΘ für Polyacrylsäure in Dioxan von der zu 50% neutralisierten Form in 0,5M Natriumchloridlösung zu der zu 100% neutralisierten Form in 1,5 M Natriumchloridlösung zu. Dies weist darauf hin, daß ein Effekt kurzreichender elektrischer Kräfte auch am Θ-Punkt weiterbesteht.
    Notes: The intrinsic viscosities of low molecular weight fractions of atactic poly(acrylic acid) at 50% and 100% neutralization and at several concentrations of added sodium chloride is studied. In salt-free solutions the 100% neutralized polymer assumes the rigid rod form. The results at concentrations of sodium chloride higher than 0,02 mol/l can be interpreted in terms of a non-draining random coil polymer.The values of KΘ are determined using the Stockmayer-Fixman method; there is an increase in KΘ on going from poly(acrylic acid) in dioxane through the 50% neutralized form in 0,5M sodium chloride solution to the 100% neutralized form in 1,5M sodium chloride solution, indicating the continued effect of short-range electrical forces at the Θ-point.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 75-92 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bacterium Acetobacter suboyxdans and the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis have been grown together on a synthetic medium in a chemostat. Mannitol, the only carbon source fed to the fermenter, is oxidized by the bacteria to fructose. The yeast, which cannot attack mannitol, breaks down the fructose nearly completely. Eight steady states and five transitory periods after changes in flow rate have been analyzed to study the kinetics of the mixed culture. Separate cell concentrations were determined by a modified Coulter counter apparatus. Both sugars were monitored. Both bacteria and yeast may be modeled using Monod's equation, the latter with some deviations. The yeast is unable to grow beyond the washout point of the bacteria, even though its maximum growth rate is much higher. The yield of both organisms decreases with increasing dilution rate, as does their average cell size. After step changes in dilution rate, repeated oscillations of both sugar and cell concentrations usually occur before steady-state conditions are reattained. They are generally in phase, with no definite sign of a lag. Oscillations of yeast and fructose concentrations are more pronounced. Periods average about 6 hr and are not correlated with fermentation conditions or equipment variables. Repeated oscillations are not found after step-downs in pure cultures of A. suboxydans, leading to the conclusion that the instability in mixed cultures may be caused by a feedback mechanism from the yeast to the bacteria.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1373-1392 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of two-species commensalistic systems in a chemostat has been investigated after perturbations in steady state conditions and after step changes in dilution rate. The system is inherently stable with not more than three overshoots and undershoots possible. More complicated commensalistic systems are less stable, with limit cycle response occurring after dilution rate changes when feedback inhibition and feedforward activation occurs. In general variation of feedback parameters is more effective in changing the behavior of the systems than variation of feedforward parameters. Limited agreement with the experimental data of Chao and Reilly was obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 505-512 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1507-1516 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase from spinach has been bound to arylamine porous glass with a diazo linkage and to alklamine porous glass with glutaraldehyde. Stability at elevated temperatures and responses to changes of pH and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate, Mg2+, and dithiothreitol concentrations were not significantly different from the soluble enzyme, though stability at 4°C was somewhat improved.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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