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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 21 (1965), S. 221-222 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die proximale Anlage des lichtempfindlichen Pinealorgans adulter Anuren zeigt eine Daueraktivität, die durch Belichtung gehemmt wird. Die mit Hilfe von Stahlmikroelektroden bestimmte absolute Schwelle einzelner Neurone des Organs liegt zwischen 10−5 und 10−6 lm/m2. Bei Belichtung vermindert sich die Impulsfrequenz der Daueraktivität linear mit dem Logarithmus der Beleuchtungsstärke. Der Halbwert der Entladungsfrequenz liegt bei 10−2 lm/m2. Oberhalb 10 lm/m2 ist keine Impulsaktivität zu beobachten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 1277-1277 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The photosensitivity of the epiphysis cerebri of bullfrogs (Rana catesbyana) was investigated by recording with 3 M-KC1 glasscapillary microelectrodes. Of 65 units isolated from the tractus pinealis 21 were inhibited by short wave lengths and excited by longer wave lengths (chromatic response), 44 units were inhibited by all wave lengths (achromatic responses). Most effective for the excitatory component of the chromatic response was green. The spike amplitude of the chromatic response was 5–15 mV, that of the achromatic response 30–40 mV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 22 (1966), S. 402-402 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Gegensatz zur Epiphyse von Fischen, Amphibien und Reptilien erweist sich das Pinealorgan der Taube bei Untersuchung mit Einstichelektroden als nicht lichtempfindlich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 354 (1975), S. 273-280 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Early Receptor Potential ; Pineal Organ ; Photoreceptor ; Photopigment ; Cones ; Action Spectrum ; Epiphysis cerebri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rapid photoresponses were obtained from the pineal organ ofRana catesbeiana andRana esculenta comparable to the early receptor potential (ERP) of the retina of their lateral eyes. Light source was a xenon filled discharge tube with a maximum energy input of 365 J. The flash duration was 600 μsec measured at 1/3 peak amplitude. The response pattern of the ERP of the exposedEpiphysis cerebri (intracranial portion of the frog's pineal organ) resembled the ERP of the isolated retina and the R1 deflection of the ERP of the eye-cup. It was greatly diminished during consecutive flashes and was absent during light adaptation. It was confined to theEpiphysis cerebri and was similar in time course and shape to, though smaller as, the ERP of the isolated retina. The photoresistant component of the ERP in the eye-cup was lacking in theEpiphysis cerebri and in the isolated retina. The action spectrum of the ERP of theEpiphysis cerebri closely resembled the photopigment absorption of rhodopsin indicating that the structural cones of the pineal organ contain a photopigment different from the retinal cones of the frog's lateral eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 293 (1967), S. 184-192 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The conduction of nerve impulses within the pineal system of the frog has been investigated. Uninterrupted transmission of nerve impulses was seen after electrical stimulation of the intracranial pineal tract and recording of action potentials from the extracranial portion of the pineal nerve. The conduction velocities were at 2–9 m/sec (medullated fibres of 3–8 μ diameter), 1–2 m/sec (intermediate group, 1–3 μ) and 0.2–0.9 m/sec (unmyelinated fibres, 0.2–0.8 μ). The highest speed of conduction was observed in R. catesbyana where the slowest fibres were conducting at velocities of the same range as the fastest nerve fibres in some specimens of R. temporaria and R. esculenta. It was concluded that the conduction of afferent impulses from the frontal organ to the posterior commissure of the midbrain is based mainly on unmedullated fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International urology and nephrology 8 (1976), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1573-2584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In three-quarters of the patients with urethral syndrome, chronic urethritis was found endoscopically. Of the remainder some percentage could be said to have a psychosomatic disorder. Therefore, the patients with unexplained urethral syndrome were unexpectedly few. Although urethral syndrome attacks adult females of all ages, the incidence was highest in the middle age range. Against this, chronic bacterial cystitis was spread evenly over the entire age range. The urethra was rather narrow in women with urethritis, but of normal size in those without urethritis, even if they had urethral syndrome. A satisfactory result was obtained through the topical administration of steroid solution, even where general treatments, including the use of antibiotics, have failed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 102 (1969), S. 1-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Columba livia ; Electrical activity ; Ultrastructure ; Sensory (?) and secretory pinealocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Direkte Belichtung oder Lichtreizung der Lateralaugen lösen im zentralen Teil der Taubenepiphyse keine elektrische Aktivität aus. Im Stielabschnitt sind dagegen kleine, durch Licht nicht beeinlußbare Dauerentladungen zu beobachten. Die Lage der Ableitungspunkte wurde durch den histologischen Nachweis der elektrolytisch gesetzten Eisenmarken bestimmt. Diese Ableitungsstellen befinden sich im Epiphysenparenchym. Ein stärkeres versilberbares Nervenbündel verläuft im Stiel der Epiphyse. Adrenerge Nervenfasern, die grün fluoreszieren, begleiten die Kapselgefäße und dringen mit diesen in das follikuläre Epiphysengewebe ein. Das Epiphysenparenchym zeigt nach Falck-Hillarp eine Gelbfluoreszenz mit umschriebenen apikalen oder basalen Anreicherungen der fluoreszierenden Substanz. Mit Reserpin kann nur ein Teil dieses Materials entspeichert werden. Elektronenmikroskopisch lassen sich in der Taubenepiphyse keine typischen pinealen Rezeptorzellen nachweisen. Regelmäßig lamellierte Außenglieder fehlen vollständig. Es finden sich lediglich cytoplasmareiche bulböse Zilien und zirkuläre Lamellenkomplexe, die in Tubuli übergehen. Die letzteren können sich mit einem dichten körnigen Material füllen. An einigen Stellen haben solche Lamellenverbände einen Zusammenhang mit keulenförmig verdickten Zilien. Diese Zone ist aber anders strukturiert als das für retinale und pineale Lichtsinneszellen charakteristische Verbindungsstück. Die Zeichen der sekretorischen Aktivität der Taubenepiphyse sind überzeugender als die für einen lichtempfindlichen Sinnesapparat sprechenden Strukturmerkmale. Ein bestimmter Typ der Pinealocyten ist reich an 800–1200 Å großen granulierten Vesikeln, die sowohl am apikalen als auch am basalen, auf die Blutgefäße ausgerichteten Zellpol angehäuft sein können. An den manchmal gelappten basalen Endfüßen sind Zeichen der Ausschleusung des Vesikelinhalts bzw. eines Materialschwundes aus dem granulierten Vesikelkern zu erkennen. Die sekretorische Aktivität der Taubenepiphyse wird mit Hinweis auf die in ihr reichlich vorkommenden 5-Hydroxyindole (Quay) und das Problem der Melatonin-Bildung diskutiert. Erörtert wird auch die Möglichkeit einer Stimulierung dieser Sekretion über den Sympathikus.
    Notes: Summary Direct illumination or stimulation with light of the lateral eyes induced no electrical activity in the central part of the pineal organ in the pigeon. In the pineal stalk, however, a train of impulses was observed that failed to respond to changes of illumination. The position of the tip of the recording electrode (iron deposit), was histologically clearly determined to be in the pineal parenchyma. A distinct nerve bundle could be traced down the pineal stalk. Adrenergic nerve fibers showing a green fluorescence accompanied pineal capsular vessels into pineal follicular tissue. Using the method of Falck-Hillarp, the pineal parenchyma showed high concentrations of yellow fluorescent material in the apical or basal parts of the pinealocytes. Only a part of the fluorescent material could be dispersed with reserpine. In the electron microscope, no typical photoreceptor cells were identified in the pineal organ. Only large bulbous cilia, and circular lamellar or tubular complexes, were observed; they sometimes contained a dense granular material. Occasionally, the lamellar complexes had a direct relation to cilia of club-shaped appearance. Signs of secretory activity were more definitive in the pigeon pineal organ than sensory structures. One type of pinealocytes contained many 800–1,200 Å diameter granular vesicles concentrated in the apical or basal (apposed to blood vessels) cell parts. At the occasionally lobulated basal end-feet, a disappearance of the content of the granular vesicles indicated a release mechanism. This secretory activity was discussed in relation to the 5-hydroxyindole content of the pigeon pineal organ (Quay) and the general problem of melatonin synthesis; also, the possibility was considered that the secretory activity may be stimulated by sympathetic nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International urology and nephrology 11 (1979), S. 95-102 
    ISSN: 1573-2584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The urethral syndrome is generally not associated clinically with urethral changes, however, histology often reveals inflammatory or degenerative alterations. The conventionally diagnosed urethral syndrome can certainly be considered to be a synonym of chronic urethritis in adult females. The remarkable histological lesions were rupture of elastic fibers in the submucosa and the vascular wall, and a decrease of acid mucopolysaccharides in each layer of the urethra, accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Casting of methyl methacrylate prepolymer by irradiation at relatively low temperatures was studied. It was difficult to completely glassify the methyl methacrylate monomer and prepolymer, and so the casting was carried out at temperatures above its melting point (-48°C). The optical strain formed in this stream remained of the stress type, and optical strain formation was reduced with increasing prepolymer concentration and decreasing temperature.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 52 (1969), S. 89-103 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umbellamine (f; C41H48N4O4), a «dimeric» indole-indoline alkaloid, was isolated from the root bark of Hunteria umbellata (K. SCHUM.) HALL. F.; it is probably identical with the alkaloid hunterine (structure unknown) of NeUSS & CONE [14]. Thermolysis yielded (+)-eburnamenine (II), whereas a detailed mass spectrometric study of I, of its O-methyl and O-acetyl derivatives, and also of the derived diol V revealed the presence of a phenolic hydroxy-pseudoakuammigine group as second part, the benzene nucleus of the latter being linked to the C-14 atom of the eburnamenine component (present in the dihydrom form).The n.m.r. study of umbellamine and of its derivatives showed that the phenolic hydroxy group is either at C-10′ or C-11′ and that the dihydroeburnamenyl residue is connected to C-11′ or C-10′ of the pseudoakuammigine residue. A choice between these alternatives was possible by investigation of the hydroxylated base IX arising from the latter component, and obtained in small quantities by treatment of umbellamine with zinc or tin in acid. Its constitution, deduced by uv., n.m.r. and mass spectrometry, suggested that the hydroxy group is fixed at C-11′. If this is correct, the dihydrocburnatnenyl residue is linked to C-10′ of the pseudoakuarnmigine residue. Thus we propose formula I for umbellamine.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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