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  • 1975-1979  (3,145)
  • 1915-1919  (133)
  • Chemistry  (2,851)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (427)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrathin coating by plasma polymerization applied to corneal contact lens (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9 (1975), S. 629-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Plasma coating (deposition of polymer under the influence of plasma) is utilized to modify the surface properties of corneal contact lens. An ultrathin layer (thickness of roughly 200 Å) of plasma polymer of acetylene/H2O/N2 is applied to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) corneal contact lenses. The surface becomes highly wettable with water compared to uncoated lens. When coated and uncoated contact lenses are placed on rabbit eyes, a remarkable difference in accumulation of mucous matter is observed. With the control lenses, the accumulation of mucous matter in a week is sufficient to affect the optical clarity of the lenses, whereas the coated lenses show no change after three months continuous wearing. The comparative degree of adhesion of the corneal epithelium cells onto glass, modified glass, PMMA, and coated PMMA surfaces is studied using tissue cultures and phase contrast microscopy. The coated PMMA surface exhibits a degree of tissue adhesion lower than that of control PMMA and higher than that of glass surface, and no sign of toxicity of the coated surface is observed by the tissue cultures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090609
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fire fatality study (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 3 (1979), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Over a six-year period, 530 fire fatalities resulting from 398 fires were studied in the State of Maryland. The study had two major objectives: (1) to determine the specific cause of death by a detailed autopsy stud of fire victims, and (2) to determine the specific cause of fatality-producing fire by an on-the-scene fire investigation. The fire fatality study was limited to residential fires and to fatalities that occurred within 6 h of the fire. The results of the toxicological analysis show that (1) 60% of the victims had a carboxyhemoglobin value greater than or equal to 50% carbon monoxide saturation, (2) an additional 20% had elevated carboxyhemoglobin with preexisting cardiovascular disease, (3) 11% of the victims had severe burns, (4) 9% were unexplained and (5) 40% of the victims had positive blood alcohol levels with 30% of these meeting the legal definition of intoxication (blood alcohol ≥0.1%). The fire investigations confirmed that the predominant fatal scenario is the cigarette ignition of upholstered furniture or bedding. This scenario accounted for 47% of the fires and 44% of the victims. Alcohol also appears to be significant factor in this scenario.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810030406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Lactams. II. Synthesis of Some New β-Lactams (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 320 (1978), S. 482-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Untersuchungen an Lactamen. II. Synthese neuer β-Lactame
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19783200315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyelectrolyte solutions: Intrachain and interchain correlations observed by SANS (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 17 (1979), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.130170608
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics and kinetics of the interaction of copper (II) ions with native DNA (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 625-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on equilibrium binding studies, as well as on kinetic investigations, two types of interactions of Cu2+ ions with native DNA at low ionic strength could be characterized, namely, a nondenaturing and a denaturing complex formation. During a fast nondenaturing complex formation at low relative ligand concentrations and at low temperatures, different binding sites at the DNA bases become occupied by the metal ions. This type of interaction includes chelate formation of Cu2+ ions with atoms N(7) of purine bases and the oxygens of the corresponding phosphate groups, chelation between atoms N(7) and O of C(6) of the guanine bases, as well as the formation of specific intestrand crosslink complexes at adjacent G°C pairs of the sequence dGpC. CD spectra of the resulting nondenatured complex (DNA-Cu2+)nat may be interpreted in terms of a conformational change of DNA from the B-form to a C-like form on ligand binding. A slow cooperative denaturing complex formation occurs at increased copper concentrations and/or at increased temperatures. The uv absorption and CD spectra of the resulting complex, (DNA-Cu2+)denat, indicate DNA denaturation during this type of interaction. Such a conclusion is confirmed by microcalorimetric measurements, which show that the reaction consumes nearly the same amount of heat as acid denaturation of DNA.From these and the kinetic results, the following mechanism for the denaturing action of the ligands is suggested: binding of Cu2+ ions to atoms N(3) of the cytosine bases takes place when the cytosines come to the outside of the double helix as a result of statistical fluctuations. After the completion of the binding process, the bases cannot return to their initial positions, and thus local denaturation at the G·C pairs is brought about. The probability of the necessary fluctuations occurring is increased by chelation of Cu2+ ions between atoms N(7) and O of C(6) of the guanine bases during nondenaturing complex formation, which loosens one of the hydrogen bonds within the G·C pairs, as well as by raising the temperature. The implications of the new binding model, which comprises both the sequence-specific interstand crosslinks and the described mechanism of denaturing complex formation, are discussed and some predictions are made. The model is also used to explain the different renaturation properties of the denatured complexes of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ ions with DNA.In temperature-jump experiments with the nondenatured complex (DNA-Cu2+)nat, a specific kinetic effect is observed, namely, the appearance of a lag in the response to the perturbation. The resulting sigmoidal shape of the kinetic curves is considered to be a consequence of the necessity of disrupting a certain number of the crosslinks existing in the nondenatured complex before the local unwinding of the binding regions (a main step of denaturing complex formation) may proceed.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1979.360180311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on soluble fraction of glow-discharge polysilazane formed from hexamethylcyclotrisilazane (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 2013-2019 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The soluble part of glow discharge polysilazane prepared from hexamethylcyclotrisilazane was studied. The composition of the soluble fraction was examined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It was found that the fraction contained five main components, and two of them, identified by mass spectrometry, were octamethylcyclotetrasilazane and bicyclic silazane dimer. A reaction mechanism leading to dimer formation from hexamethylcyclotrisilazane in glow discharge was proposed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210801
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large scale preparation of purified exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of Streptomyces strain R61 (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 577-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase that Streptomyces R61 excretes during growth has been produced in large fermentation units of 15 m3 total capacity. The yield from 15,000 liter culture filtrate was 1.080 g purified enzyme (92% purity) with a total recovery of 29% and at least a 2000-fold increased specific activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peculiarities in the Behaviour of Thiourea as corrosion-inhibitor (1977)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 28 (1977), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Besonderheiten des Verhaltens von Thioharnstoff als KorrosionsinhibitorDie Auflösung von Fe, Cu, Zn und Al in Salpeter-, Salz- und Schwefelsäure wird durch Thioharnstoff niedriger Konzentration verzögert, während bei höheren Thioharnstoffkonzentrationen mit einer Korrosionsbeschleunigung zu rechnen ist. In Salpetersäure wird der Thioharnstoff wahrscheinlich oxidiert (Wärmeentwicklung); das zunächst entstehende Dithioformamidin wird anschließend zu Diaminocarbonyldisulfid hydrolysiert, das an den kathodischen Stellen der Oberfläche zu Thiocarbaminsäure reduziert wird. Die dadurch bedingte Depolarisation führt zu beschleunigter Auflösung. In nichtoxidierenden Säuren wird zunächst eine monomolekulare Schicht Thioharnstoff am metall adsorbiert; die anschließende Reduktion zu Sulfid bzw. Hydrosulfid führt dann wieder zu einer Verstärkung der Korrosion. Die kritische Konzentration des Übergangs von Inhibierung zu Stimulierung ist abhängig von der Art der Säure und deren Konzentration.
    Notes: The dissolution of Fe, cu, Zn and Al in nitric, hydrochlorid and sulfuric acids is retarded by low concentrations of thiourea, while higher thiourea concentrations may bring about a stimulation of corrosion. In nitric acid thiourea is probably oxidised (heat evolution); the dithioformamidine formed at first is then hydrolysed to give diaminocarbonyl disulfide which again is reduced to thiocarbamic acid at the cathodic sites of the surface. The depolarisation thus produced gives rise to accelerated dissolution. In non-oxidising acids a monomolecular layer of thiourea is adsorbed at the metal at first; its subsequent reduction to sulfide and hydrogen sulfide again gives rise to an enhancement of corrosion. The critical concentration of the transition from inhibition to stimulation depends ont he type of the acid and its concentration.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19770280107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Pitting Corrosion of the Delta-52 Steel in aqueous solutions. 2. Variation of the pitting potential in relation to the concentration of the aggressive anion (1976)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 630-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen zur Lochkorrosion des Stahls Delta-52 in wässerigen Lösungen. -2. Änderung des Lochkorrosionspotentials in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration des angreifenden AnionsDie potentiodynamischen anodischen Polarisationskurven wurden für eine Elektrode aus dem Stahl Delta-52 (0, 40, C, 0, 78Mn, 0, 045S, 0, 06p, 0, 23Si) aufgenommen; als Prüflösung diente verdünntes KOH mit und ohne Zusatz von Kaliumchlorid, -bromid und -jodid. Der auf dem Stahl vorhandene Oxidfilm beeinflußt die aktive Auflösung nicht, erst bei Potentialen über+2 V (ges. Calomal) tritt Passivität auf. Das Polarisationsverhalten des Stahls wird durch Zusatz der Halidionen nicht beeinflußt; oberhalb einer bestimmten Konzentration der Halide nimmt jedoch der Auflösungsstrom plötzlich steil zu, was auf den Beginn von Lochkorrosion hinweist; zwischen dem Lochkorrosionspotential und der Konzentration der Anionen besteht eine eindeutige Beziehung.
    Notes: Potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves have been traced for an electrode of the steel Delta-52 (0.40, 0.78Mn, 0.045 S, 0.06P, 0.23 Si): the aggresive media used were potassium hydroxide without and with additions of potassium chloride, bromide and iodide. The oxide film present on the steel surface does not inhibit active dissolution; only at potentials exceeding+2 (S. C. E.) passivity sets in. The polarization behaviour of the steel is not influenced by the addition of the halide salts; above a certain salt concentration, however, there is a sharp increase in dissolution current. This phenomenon is an indication of the start of pitting. Between the pitting potential and the anion concentration there exists a well defined relation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19760270905
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new surface roughening method for glass capillary columns. Sodium chloride deposition from suspension (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Surface roughening by direct deposition of suspension particles ; NaCl used ; High reproducibility when coated with polar phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for roughening the surface of glass capillary columns for subsequent coating with polar stationary phases. A suspension of sodium chloride, obtained by addition of a saturated solution of sodium chloride in methanol to 1,1,1-trichloroethane, is passed through the column at velocities of 1-5 cm/s. During passage of the suspension, particles of sodium chloride deposit spontaneously on the column wall. The amount of sodium chloride deposited on the column wall is a function of the volume of the suspension passed through and of the contact time of the suspension and the column wall. Ultimately the amount of sodium chloride per unit surface area approaches a maximum. Columns covered with this maximum amount of sodium chloride were prepared with high reproducibility and coated with a number of polar stationary phases. Various factors that influence the stability of the suspension and the deposition of sodium chloride are discussed and minimum requirements are given. A theoretical model is proposed for the mechanism of deposition of sodium chloride particles on the glass wall.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020715
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