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  • 1975-1979  (28)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (26)
  • Cell elongation  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein synthesis and auxin-induced growth: Inhibitor studies (1979)
    Springer
    Planta 145 (1979), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Avena ; Cell elongation ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have compared the effects of cycloheximide (CHI) and two other rapid and effective inhibitors of protein synthesis, pactamycin and 2-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methyl proprionamide (MDMP), on protein synthesis, respiration, auxin-induced growth and H+-excreation of Avena sativa L. coleoptiles. All three compounds inhibit protein synthesis without affecting respiration. The effectiveness of the inhibitors against H+-excretion and growth correlates with their ability to inhibit protein synthesis. Both CHI and MDMP inhibit auxin-induced H+-excretion after a latent period of 5–8 min, and inhibit growth after a 8–10-min lag. These results support the idea that continued protein synthesis is required in the initial stages of the growth-promoting action of auxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380097
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fusicoccin on the activity of a key pH-stat enzyme, PEP-carboxylase (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Cell elongation ; Fusicoccin ; Malate synthesis ; PEP carboxylase ; pH stat ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phytotoxin fusicoccin (FC) causes rapid synthesis of malate in coleoptile tissues, presumably via phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase coupled with malate dehydrogenase. The possibility that FC directly affects PEP carboxylase in Avena sativa L. and Zea mays L. coleoptiles was studied and rejected. The activity of this enzyme is unaffected by FC whether FC is added in vitro or a pretreatment to the live material. FC does not change the sensitivity of the enzyme to bicarbonate or malate. The activity of FC, instead, appears to be indirect. The pH sensitivity of PEP carboxylase is such that its activity, and thus the rate of malate synthesis, may be enhanced by an increase in cytoplasmic pH accompanying FC-induced H+ excretion. Since the enzyme is also particularily sensitive to bicarbonate levels, malate synthesis may also be enhanced by FC-induced uptake or generation of CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390808
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(perfluoroether) oxadiazole elastomer system cured with terephthalonitrile oxide (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1035-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The terpolymerization of N,N′-terephthalonitrile oxide (TPNO), 1,3,5-tricyanobenzene, and oligomeric perfluoroalkylene dinitriles derived from the oligomerization of tetrafluoroethylene oxide yields poly(perfluoroether)-1,2,4-oxadiazole polymers which are soluble in Freon TF and bear pendent nitrile groups as curing sites. The polymerization is a two-step, ambient-temperature reaction. Several different perfluoroether dinitriles are shown to polymerize using this procedure. The syntheses and certain structure/property relationships of the polymers are discussed. Increasing the chain length of the perfluoroalkylene oxide dinitriles results in polymers which range from paraffin-like solids through tough elastomers and, finally, to tacky gums. Tough, crepe elastomer gum with a Tg of -64°C may be obtained in yields of 60-70%. The poly(perfluoroether) oxadiazoles may be milled with additional TPNO and press cured at 95°C (200°F). The following physical properties of the cured polymers are given: compression set, tensile strength, per cent elongation at break, set at break, and Shore A hardness. Thermal stability, moisture stability, and low-temperature flexibility data are also presented for the cured elastomeric polymer.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200415
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and stress-strain properties of ABC triblock copolymers of α-methylstyrene, butadiene, and styrene (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2387-2389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220828
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of polymer-cellulose blends prepared from solution (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2533-2542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The conditions under which cellulose-cellulose triacetate (CTA) and cellulose-poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) blends can be prepared from solution, are described in this paper. These two systems form transparent films when the blend contains less than 50% PAN or 60% CTA. Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at rupture were measured for these blends. These values usually are between those of the corresponding homopolymers, except for the blend containing 10% polymer (PAN or CTA) which has a tensile strength value larger than that of cellulose. This result seems to indicate a certain level of compatibility for this blend. However, x-ray measurements indicate the presence of two crystal structures for these systems, suggesting that compatibility does not exist at the molecular level, in the crystalline fraction of the samples.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220912
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of polymer-paper laminates (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 947-957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile mechanical properties of synthetic polymer-paper laminates were measured. The laminates were constructed by hot pressing a sandwich made of a sheet of paper between polymer films. There is complete penetration of the polymer inside the paper; no voids are left. Two different polymer matrices were used: poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyethylene. Several paper samples were utilized: an unoriented holocellulose paper (a strong paper), a highly oriented holocellulose paper, and an unoriented Whatman filter paper (a weak paper). The laminates contain from 0% to 50% of paper. Young's moduli and breaking strengths of the unoriented holocellulose paper laminates can be theoretically predicted from the properties of their constituents using laws of mixtures. The mechanical properties of the Whatman paper laminates are significantly higher than those predicted from the laws of mixtures. This indicates that the polymer increases the strength of the fiber-to-fiber bonds of the weaker sheets, although it does not change the bond strength of a stronger paper such as the holocellulose paper. For the oriented paper laminates, changes in Young's modulus with angle of measurement are explained by the composite materials theories if the angular variations in shear modulus are taken in to account. Changes in breaking strength with angle for the oriented laminates can be analyzed by Tsai and Azzi's theory for composite materials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210408
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial miscibility of cellulose-polyacrylonitrile blends (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1943-1949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cellulose-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blends have been prepared by the regeneration of 2% concentration solutions in dimethylformamide-NO2 solvent. The blends are transparent when containing between 0 and 50% by weight of PAN. Dynamic mechanical measurements indicate a shift in glass transition temperature Tg of PAN for the blends, suggesting partial miscibility between cellulose and PAN. Experimental density values larger than those predicted theoretically are also in agreement with this conclusion.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230705
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and stress-strain properties of aba block copolymers of α-methylstyrene and butadienePaper presented at the Eighth Central Regional Meeting, American Chemical Society, Akron, Ohio, May 19-21, 1976. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2907-2913 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: ABA-type “tapered” block copolymers of α-methylstyrene (monomer A) and butadiene were prepared using four commercially available dilithio initiators. Polymerizations were run at 25°C in benzene solvent, or at 40°C with butadiene dissolved in neat α-methylstyrene. Although α-methylstyrene has a rather low ceiling temperature, triblock copolymers could be made at these temperatures by using α-methylstyrene concentrations well in excess of the [M]e values at the respective temperatures. Its concentration was such that molecular weights of at least 15,000-20,000 for the A blocks could be attained. The course of the copolymerization at 40°C was followed, showing that copolymers containing about 40% α-methylstyrene could be formed in 4-8 hr, depending on the initiator used. They showed the usual behavior of triblock thermoplastic elastomers, with tensile strengths 〉 3000 lb/in.2 at 24°C. However, because of the high Tg of poly(α-methylstyrene) (172°C), they also had tensiles of several hundred lb/in.2 at 100°C, unlike comparable polymers with polystyrene end blocks, which have practically no strength at this temperature. Microstructures of polybutadienes made with these initiators are also given.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070221017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of polyacrylonitrile-cellulose blends (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 887-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240323
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of fiber orientation of cellulosic samples by x-ray diffraction (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 2609-2620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method has been developed which permits the quantitative determination of fiber orientation in a cellulosic sample (paper, nonwoven or composite). From the measured fibril angle distribution function and the observed variation in intensity of the (002) plane of the x-ray pattern, a parameter governing the fiber distribution function is obtained analytically. The method is demonstrated for two different paper samples showing a narrow and a large fiber orientation distribution. The method is rapid for a series of samples involving the same fibers and does not involve any operator interpretation. It gives directly the average fiber orientation function from the bulk of the sample, not just from its surface as microscopic methods do. It can be particularly useful in the analysis of paper-polymer laminates.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190922
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