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  • 1975-1979  (11)
  • Chemistry  (6)
  • Physics  (4)
  • Membrane Stabilization  (1)
  • Sodium  (1)
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Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the membrane stabilizer diphenylhydantion on potassium and sodium movements in skeletal muscle (1975)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 358 (1975), S. 275-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Skeletal Muscle ; Electrolytes ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Flux Inhibition ; Membrane Stabilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The membrane stabilizer diphenylhydantoin (DPH) did not alter the net content of Na, K, Ca or Mg in frog sartorius muscle freshly incubated or actively transporting Na and K following Na-loading and K-depletion. Resting influx of K from normal Ringer was significantly reduced by DPH, and this inhibition occurred in the ouabain-insensitive K-uptake. Inhibition of K-influx by DPH was overcome when [K]0 was raised to 10 mM, and Rb-influx was not sensitive to the inhibitor in 2.5 mM Rb-Ringer. Efflux of tracer K was reduced by DPH in the presence and absence of ouabain. Exchange of muscle Na was not affected under condit in which K-exchange was significantly reduced, but DPH appeared to cause increased net loss of Na from muscles washed in Na-free medium. The inhibition by DPH of resting K-exchange was not sensitive to wide variations in [Na]0 or in [Ca]0. The results suggest that the effect of DPH on frog skeletal muscle in normal ionic environment is to reduce the resting, passive component of K-exchange across the fibre membrane. This effect is discussed in relation to the membrane stabilizing actions of diphenylhydantoin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587224
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of gamma radiation on two aromatic polysulfones. II. A comparison of irradiation at various temperatures in air-vacuum environmentsPresented in part at the First Chemical Congress of the North American Continent, Mexico City, December 1975. (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 2763-2775 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aromatic polysulfone poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenyleneiso-propylidene-1,4-phenylene) (I) showed no change in flexural yield strength after doses of γ-radiation up to 600 Mrad in vacuum at 35,80, and 125°C (Tg = 190°C)). However, the flexural strength decreased markedly with doses above 100 Mrad on irradiation in air, to 40-60% of the initial value after 200-400 Mrad, depending on the sample and the irradiation conditions. Chain crosslinking was predominant over scission for irradiation in vacuum at all temperatures; (G(X), G(S), and G(S)/G(X) increased with the irradiation temperature, but G(S)/G(X) decreased to zero above Tg. Poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) (II) behaved similarly, except that the flexural strength was found to be very dependent on the thermal treatment of the sample. This polymer showed a remarkable retention of its mechanical properties on irradiation up to 200°C (Tg = 230°C) in the absence of air, the flexural strength being retained up to 500 Mrad. Radiation annealing occurred at 35°C in vacuum and air and combined radiation and thermal annealing at 125 and 220°C. Progressive removal of surface layers from flexural test bars of I irradiated in air showed that the decrease in flexural strength with dose could be explained by a decrease in the molecular weight towards the surface resulting from radiation-oxidation reactions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of polystyrene by gamma irradiation: Effect of air on the radiation-induced changes in mechanical and molecular properties (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 425-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Irradiation of 3 mm polystyrene sheet in air at 30°C with γ rays caused a rapid decrease in the tensile and flexural strengths and strains to fracture. These properties were decreased to 50% of their initial values after ca. 80 Mrads and to 25% after ca. 200 Mrads, beyond which dose the rate of change was relatively small. These results contrast with the negligible changes that are observed after 600 Mrads in vacuum. The effect of irradiation in air has been correlated with decreasing molecular weight at the surface, even though crosslinking predominated over the complete sample so that a gel point was reached at a dose slightly in excess of 100 Mrads. Scission and crosslinking yields, G(S) and G(X), were determined as a function of depth by gel permeation chromatography of layers removed progressively from the surface. G(S) decreased and G(X) increased with depth, in accord with the concepts of increased scission by reaction with oxygen and a diffusion effect. Unusual transverse cracking to a limited depth occurred during tensile measurements, a phenomenon that is attributed to the nonuniform molecular weight profile.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240211
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation degradation of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 2415-2418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070241210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of gamma radiation on two aromatic polysulfones (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 405-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two aromatic polysulfones, poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene-1,4-phenylene) (I) and poly (oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) (II), undergo crosslinking and chain scission at 30°C during γ-irradiation, the former being predominant in vacuum and the latter in air. Both processes occurred more readily in I, which contains isopropylidene linkages. Gel measurements gave G(crosslink) = 0.051, G(scission) = 0.012 for this polymer at 30°C in vacuum. Increased irradiation temperatures resulted in higher crosslinking and gas yields, especially above the glass transition temperature. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of I were unaffected by γ-irradiation up to about 50 Mrad in air, but the strength decreased markedly at higher doses. The elongation at break decreased progressively with dose. For both polymers, G(gas) = 0.04 at 30°C with the main products being SO2, H2, CO2, CH4, and H2O.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of radiation chemical yields from the reciprocal relationship between irradiation dose and weight-average molecular weight (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1515-1518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180160816
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of crosslinking and scission yields in the degradation of polystyrene by γ-irradiation in air (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2919-2933 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sample of polystyrene with narrow molecular weight distribution (M̄w/M̄n = 1.03) has been formed into a 3-mm sheet and subjected to γ-irradiation at 25°C in air. Simultaneous crosslinking and scission of polymer chains resulted. Analyses by velocity and equilibrium sedimentation, gelpermeation chromatography, and osmometry of the polystyrene subjected to doses in the range 0-90 Mrad, all within the pre-gel region, have yielded average values of G(S) = G(X) = 0.022 ± 0.002 for the complete sample. Combination of these various experimental techniques has been successful in yielding consistent values of G(S) and G(X) and should be applicable with advantage to other polymers, particularly when neither G(S) nor G(X) is zero. The wide variation in literature values of G(S) and G(X) for irradiation of polystyrene under vacuum precludes any unequivocal conclusion on the effect of air on the radiation yields.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of crosslinking and chain scission in the degradation of poly(tert-butyl crotonate) by γ-irradiation (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of γ-irradiation on poly(tert-butyl crotonate) has been investigated by velocity sedimentation and solubility studies. Evidence of significant crosslinking as well as of chain scission has been obtained, the estimates of G(X) and G(S) being 0.66 and 0.59, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170150113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking and scission yields for polystyrene subjected to γ irradiation in vacuo (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 4081-4088 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements of molecular weight averages and distributions have been made on three samples of narrow molecular size distribution polystyrene with molecular weights from 100, 000 to 400, 000 subjected to 60Co γ irradiation in vacuo for various doses within the pregel region+ G(X), the radiation chemical yield of crosslinking, has been determined as 0.043 ± 0.002 and G(S)/G(X), the ratio of scission to crosslinking, as 0.02; no effect of molecular weight was observed. By comparison with previous experimental results for polystyrene irradiated in air it has been established unequivocally that an oxygen environment leads to enhanced scission at the expense of crosslinking. Literature values of G(X) and G(S)/G(X) are reviewed in the light of these results and explanations are offered to account for major discrepancies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170171227
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomer and configurational sequence regularity in the 2:1 copolymer of vinyl chloride with sulfur dioxide (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 14 (1976), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.130140503
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