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  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • Corticospinal neuron  (1)
  • PT cells  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal branching of corticospinal axons in the cat (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 215-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Corticospinal neuron ; Spinal axon branching ; Microstimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Branching patterns of single corticospinal (CS) neurons were studied in the cat by activating these neurons antidromically from various regions of the spinal cord. 1. One hundred and ninety-three neurons were activated antidromically by microstimulation in the gray substance of the cervical cord and the majority of them were found in the forelimb area of the pericruciate cortex. 2. Branches to the lower levels of the spinal cord were found for 30% of the neurons projecting to the cervical gray matter. 3. The remaining 70% sent axons only to the cervical gray matter and some of them sent multiple branches to several segments in the cervical cord. 4. Only a few CS neurons located outside of the forelimb area could be activated from the cervical cord, but all of them also sent branches to the lower levels of the spinal cord. Neurons projecting to both the cervical cord and the lower levels were intermingled in the cortex with those projecting only to the cervical cord. 5. CS neurons activated from a given area of the cervical cord were often clustered together in a small area of the cortex, although some of these CS neurons sent their other branches to other parts of the spinal cord and neurons projecting to other parts were also intermingled among them. 6. The functional significance of multiple axonal branching of CS neurons is discussed in relation to cortical motor functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234928
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further study on the excitation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical microstimulation (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 443-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: PT cells ; ICMS ; Efferent zones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effective spread of stimulating current for pyramidal tract (PT) cells and fibers was studied using a method of cancelling the shock artifacts and the following results were obtained: 1. The excitability of PT axon collaterals was as high as that of PT cells. 2. These axon collaterals extended as far as 1.0 mm horizontally from the PT cells. 3. The low threshold area for activation of a given PT cell was as wide as 3–4 mm2 on the surface of the cortex. 4. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) delivered to the PT cell layer produced direct (D) and indirect (I) descending volleys in the pyramidal tract, but ICMS to the superficial layer (III) produced only I-waves. 5. These I-waves grew significantly larger after 15–20 msec from the start of the train of stimuli. 6. It is concluded that either surface stimulation, or short train of ICMS is inadequate for delineating fine localization of motor function within the cortex. Longer train (30–40 msec) with high frequency pulses (300–400 cy/sec) can produce muscle contraction with much smaller currents, increasing the accuracy of measuring the localization of motor function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238820
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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