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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effects of neuroleptics on brain self-stimulation thresholds in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Brain self-stimulation ; Thresholds ; Neuroleptics ; Haloperidol ; Loxapine ; Chlorpromazine ; Pimozide ; Clozapine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acute effects of 5 neuroleptic drugs were tested in rats implanted with stimulating electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle and trained in a brain selfstimulation threshold procedure. Haloperidol (0.01–0.10 mg/kg) and loxapine (0.03–0.56 mg/kg) produced increases in reinforcement thresholds accompanied by reductions in response rates. Chlorpromazine (0.10–3.0 mg/kg) did not significantly alter reinforcement thresholds, but did produce dose-dependent reductions in response rates. Pimozide (0.1–1.75 mg/kg) was similar to chlorpromazine and significantly increased the reinforcement threshold only at the highest dose, although a graded decrease in response rates occurred over a wide dose-range. Clozapine (0.1–1.75 mg/kg) increased reinforcement thresholds without producing any significant changes in response rates, but when 3.0 mg/kg was administered, a marked disruption of behavior occurred. The results suggested that a distinction can be made between the effects of neuroleptics on motor behavior and on central reinforcement thresholds, and this may help in the interpretation of the relation between the chemical and clinical potency of antipsychotic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427589
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum and CSF levels of haloperidol by radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay during high-dose therapy of resistant schizophrenic patients (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 73 (1981), S. 197-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Haloperidol ; Blood levels ; CSF ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of haloperidol were measured in 12 chronic neuroleptic-non-responsive schizophrenic patients after 1 month on 60 mg haloperidol daily and then again after 1 month on 120 mg haloperidol daily. Serum haloperidol and CSF haloperidol rose with increasing dose. Serum and CSF levels were significantly correlated. No clinical improvement was achieved despite the high serum and CSF drug levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haloperidol and lithium blocking of the mood response to intravenous methylphenidate (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 57 (1978), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methylphenidate ; Haloperidol ; Lithium ; Euphoria ; Manic-depressive ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten euthymic manic-depressive patients with therapeutic plasma lithium levels were each given two i.v. infusions of 30 mg of methylphenidate. The infusions were separated by at least 3 days. Before one infusion each patient was given 5 mg of haloperidol i.v. and before the other infusion each was given an identical volume of saline. A psychiatric observer was blind to the nature of the pretreatment and the order of pretreatment was randomized. Saline pretreated patients showed marked activation and euphoriant responses despite therapeutic lithium levels. Haloperidol pretreatment reduced this response in three patients and eliminated the euphoriant and activating response in the remaining seven patients. These results agree with the existence of a dopaminergic step in the induction of methylphenidate-induced activation and euphoria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426962
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of haloperidol on epinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in humans (1976)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 49 (1976), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lithium ; Haloperidol ; Epinephrine ; Adenylate cyclase ; Mania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Administration of epinephrine in man has been shown previously to lead to a rise in plasma cyclic AMP levels by activation of the β-adrenergic-stimulated adenylate cyclase. Therapeutic doses of lithium in humans block the epinephrine-induced rise in plasma cyclic AMP levels, suggesting that lithium inhibits β-adrenergic adenylate cyclase. In contrast, ten subjects receiving haloperidol, a drug also effective in the treatment of mania, show a mean rise in plasma cyclic AMP levels after epinephrine administration and the magnitude of the response is the same as for non-drug treated individuals. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible pharmacological mechanisms of action of lithium and haloperidol in the control of mania.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427293
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The discriminative stimulus properties and detection thresholds of intracranial self-stimulation: Effects of d-amphetamine, morphine, and haloperidol (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 85 (1985), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Discriminative stimulus properties ; ICSS detection thresholds ; d-Amphetamine ; Morphine ; Haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A two-choice discrimination task was used to evaluate the effects of psychoactive drugs on the discriminative stimulus properties of brain self-stimulation in rats. In these experiments, brain stimulation served both as a discriminative stimulus and as a reinforcing stimulus, but the two effects were manipulated separately. Animals were trained to a criterion of 95% correct in choosing between two levers, and when this levels of accuracy was reached, the ability to choose correctly remained stable over an 8-month period. Increasing the current strength of the discriminative stimulus from zero to 100% of the training current produced a graded increase in the number of trials completed on the appropriate lever. The discriminative effects produced by brain stimulation were evaluated pharmacologically by using three prototypical psychoactive drugs in an attempt to change the detection threshold for the discriminative stimulus. Morphine, d-amphetamine, and haloperidol, drugs that reliably alter reinforcement thresholds for brain stimulation, failed to change detection thresholds. These results demonstrated that: (1) brain stimulation produces potent and reliable discriminative effects and (2) the effects of psychoactive drugs on detection thresholds can be dissociated from their effects on reinforcement thresholds for brain stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428189
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of sister chromatid exchange in mouse embryos produced by microsurgical fertilization (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 38 (1994), S. 142-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Micromanipulation ; Zona pellucida ; DNA repair ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The treatment of male factor-related infertility has been approached with the advent of several methods for microsurgical fertilization, such as the partial dissection of the zona pellucida (PZD) and the injection of sperm into the perivitelline space (PVSI) of oocytes. These techniques are designed to increase sperm-oolemma interaction by circumventing passage of the sperm through the zona pellucida. The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of PZD and PVSI on the in vitro development of mouse embryos by assessing the rate of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). SCE is considered to be a sensitive indirect indicator of DNA lesions due to various conditions. Oocytes were cultured in vitro after PZD or PVSI and then examined for SCE. There was no significant difference in SCE between control and treatment groups of embryos and the values were similar to those reported by Saito et al. (Fertil Steril 41:460-464, 1984). The rate of SCE was low during the first two mitotic cycles, then increased from cycle two to three before declining slightly between the 3rd and 4th cycles of cell division. These data demonstrate that the direct interaction of sperm and oocyte by PZD or PVSI did not have an adverse effect on the development of mouse embryos as assessed by the rate of SCE. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080380204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local alteration of cortical actin in Xenopus eggs by the fertilizing sperm (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 35 (1993), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Amphibian ; Microfilaments ; Fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rhodamine phalloidin (Rph) staining was used to examine the microfilament organization of the Xenopus laevis egg cortex during the early stages of fertilization. Unactivated eggs possessed a cytochalasin B (CR)-insensitive Rph-stained matrix that was reorganized upon egg activation and diminished in the presence of CB. Xenopus laevis sperm caused a temporary local increase in Rph staining on the Xenopus cortex. In CB-treated eggs, the local increases of cortical Rph staining later changed to a Rph-free area. These temporary local increases of cortical Rph staining were also observed when Notophthalmus viridescens sperm fertilized Xenopus and Rana pipiens eggs, and were followed by the appearance of concentric rings of stained and unstained areas. Our data suggest that Xenopus and Notophthalmus sperm have activities that can both organize and disrupt the cortical filamentous actin of the Xenopus egg. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080350112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thrombospondin-4 is expressed by early osteogenic tissues in the chick embryo (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Dynamics 203 (1995), S. 477-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1058-8388
    Keywords: Thrombospondin ; Development ; Extracellular matrix ; In situ hybridization ; Chondrogenesis ; Osteogenesis ; Cornea ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The thrombospondins are a family of related glycoproteins found in the embryonic extracellular matrix. To date, five members of this family have been identified. Thrombospondin-1 and thrombospondin-2 have similar primary structure, but are expressed in different tissues at different times during development. Thrombospondins-3, -4, and cartilage oligomeric protein belong to a second thrombospondin subgroup in which the carboxyl-half of each molecule is most similar to thrombospondin-1 and -2. Here, we report the cloning and sequencing of a novel probe to avian thrombospondin-4. We have used this probe to determine the origins of thrombospondin-4 in the chick embryo by in situ hybridization. Thrombospondin-4 transcripts first appear in the mesenchyme surrounding bone anlage coinciding with the initial stages of osteogenesis. The expression in osteogenic tissues is transient: thrombospondin-4 mRNAs are not seen in the osteoblasts of bone collars in developing long bones. This pattern is distinct from avian thrombospondin-2, which is expressed in perichondrium and embryonic fibrous connective tissues. Our observations indicate that connective tissues are the principal site of thrombospondin-4 expression in the chick. The diverse origins of different thrombospondin gene family members imply distinctive roles for these proteins related to the growth and differentiation of cartilage, tendons, and bone. ©1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1002030410
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vacuome of the flagellate Chlamydomonas (1931)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 51 (1931), S. 527-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A vacuome (‘Golgi apparatus’) consisting of small globular inclusions has been demonstrated in Chlamydomonas sp. These inclusions may be seen in the living, unstained organism; they are stainable vitally with neutral red; they have been stained vitally with neutral red and then blackened with osmic vapor under direct observation, and they have been impregnated by osmic and silver methods without previous treatment with neutral red.The reaction of these inclusions to the iodin test for starch suggests that they may play some rǒle, possibly one of storage, in the cycle of starch metabolism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050510207
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histology and histochemistry of the parotid and the principal and accessory submandibular glands of the little brown bat (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 172 (1982), S. 271-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The parotid and the principal and accessory submandibular glands of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (Vespertilionidae), were examined using light microscopy and staining methods for mucosubstances. The parotid gland is a compound tubuloacinar seromucous gland. Parotid gland secretory cells contain both neutral and nonsulfated acidic mucosubstances. The principal and accessory submandibular glands are compound tubuloacinar mucus-secreting glands. They contain somewhat atypical mucus-secreting demilunar cells that often appear to be interspersed between mucous tubule cells. The mucous tubule cells in both the principal and accessory submandibular glands contain sulfomucins. Demilunar cells of the principal submandibular gland contain moderate amounts of nonsulfated acidic mucosubstances, but the corresponding cells of the accessory submandibular gland contain considerable neutral mucosubstance with very little acid mucosubstance. Intercalated ducts composed of cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells are present in all three glands. Striated ducts in all glands are composed of columnar cells whose apices bulge into the ductal lumina. Excretory ducts are composed of simple columnar epithelium, with occasional basal cells that suggest a possible pseudostratified nature. The cells of the excretory ducts also have bulging apices. All duct types contain apical cytoplasmic secretory material that is a periodic acid-Schiff positive, neutral mucosubstance. Ductal apical secretory material is more evident in intercalated and striated ducts than in excretory ducts.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051720303
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