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  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (13)
  • Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
  • Ziegler-Natta catalysts
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 54 (1976), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Massenspektroskopie gilt gewöhnlich nicht als geeignete Methode zur Untersuchung von Polymeren, weil Polymere sich vor dem Verdampfen zersetzen. Wenn jedoch niedermolekulare Oligomere im Polymeren enthalten sind, oder wenn sie sich unter den im Massenspektrometer gegebenen Bedingungen bilden, dann kann die Massenspektrometrie zur Charakterisierung dieser Oligomeren herangezogen werden.Wenn Polyäthylenterephthalat (PET) in der Ionenquelle des Massenspektrometers erhitzt wird, werden cyclische Oligomere vom Dimeren bis zum Hexameren gefunden. Da das vorherrschende extrahierbare Oligomere in PET das cyclische Trimere ist, wurde eine gründliche Untersuchung seines Massenspektrums durchgeführt, um den Mechanismus der Fragmentierung zu ermitteln. Die Informationen aus dieser Untersuchung dienten zur Identifizierung der anderen cyclischen Oligomeren. Es wurde versucht, den Bildungsmechanismus der cyclischen Oligomeren durch Vergleich der Spektren von extrahiertem PET und PET mit benzoatverkappten Endgruppen herauszufinden, aber aus den Ergebnissen konnten wegen der unvollständigen Umsetzung der Hydroxylendgruppen keine Schlusse gezogen werden.
    Notes: Mass spectrometry is not usually considered a satisfactory tool for examining polymers, since polymers usually decompose before vaporizing. However, if low molecular weight oligomers are present in the polymer or if they are formed under the conditions prevailing in the mass spectrometer, then mass spectrometry might be used to characterize these low molecular weight oligomers.When poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is heated in the source of a mass spectrometer, cyclic oligomers from the dimer through the hexamer are observed. Since the predominant solvent extractable oligomer present in PET is the cyclic trimer, a thorough investigation was made of its mass spectrum to determine the mechanism of ion fragmentation. The information from this investigation was used to identify the other cyclic oligomers produced. An attempt was made to determine the mechanism of formation of the cyclic oligomers by comparing spectra of extracted PET and PET with benzoate capped end groups, but the results were inconclusive because of the improbability of removing all hydroxyl ends.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 3375-3382 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study of the tensile strength of nylon 66 regrind, with and without short-fiber reinforcement, is reported. For nylon 66 without reinforcement, a uniform increase in tensile strength has been observed with increasing number of moldings. This is due to a further condensation reaction which occurs during molding. For short fiber-reinforced nylon 66 composite, the tensile strength decreases with increasing number of moldings, which is attributed to the cumulative breakage of fiber length through mechanical working. A model based on fiber length analysis is proposed, and the semiempirical equation can be used to predict experimental results and balance cost-end use properties.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 2375-2387 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic mechanical measurements have been made on a 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone-cured tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane epoxy (TGDDM-DDS). There are basically three transitions on the mechanical spectra that have been identified, and the effects of moisture uptake and amount of DDS on these transitions were examined. The dynamic mechanical behavior of the same epoxy with 60% carbon fiber loading was also studied, providing further elucidation on the nature of the transitions observed with this system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 585-588 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Amyl branches have been positively identified as one of the principal short short chain branches in low density polyethylenes prepared by high pressure processes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1223-1231 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tertiary amine-modified corn starches were converted to their basic or hydroxide form and combined with carboxylated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer and butadiene-styrene-sulfonic acid polymer to produce ionically bonded filler-elastomer composites. An increasing percentage of the elastomer fraction in the starch-elastomer composite is insolubilized as the starch-to-elastomer ratio increases. In addition to ionic bonding, a significant amount of elastomer is believed to be physically adsorbed onto the filler. The resulting composites are reprocessible, and some have sufficient tensile properties at room temperature for making rubber goods.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14 (1976), S. 1693-1700 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) for methyl, methylene, and methine carbons in an amorphous polypropylene have been measured as a function of temperature from 46 to 138°C. The carbons from isotactic sequences characteristically exhibited the longest T1's of those observed. The T1 differences increased with temperature with the largest difference occuring for methine carbons where a 32% difference was observed. Activation energies were determined for the motional processes affecting T1's for isotactic and syndiotactic sequences with essentially no dependence upon configuration noted.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 1451-1473 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Monomer distributions and number-average sequence lengths are determined from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data for 1,4- and 1,2-butadiene additions and styrene additions in a series of four hydrogenated butadiene-styrene copolymers. The monomer distribution is expressed in terms of the six unique days from which it is possible to calculate the number-average sequence length of each monomer type. Carbon-13 NMR spectral assignments are given and the techniques for making the assignments are discussed. The method presented could, in principle, be applied to any copolymer or terpolymer. Limitations that are encountered in the analysis of hydrogenated butadiene-styrene copolymers high in 1,2 additions are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 889-899 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 13C NMR configurational assignments are made for an amorphous polystyrene sample examined at 25.2 MHz and 120°C. The assignments are based strictly on a one-parameter Bernoullian fit that was in satisfactory agreement with the nine observed methylene relative intensities. The methylene regions of the 13C NMR spectra of a polystyrene were examined before and after hydrogenation of the side-chain phenyl substituents. It was concluded that ring current effects have influenced the 13C methylene chemical shifts substantially and are limited largely to contributions from adjacent phenyl substituents. In addition, aromatic substituent parameters are reported that can be used in conjunction with the Grant and Paul parameters for calculating chemical shifts in aromatic hydrocarbons and polymers. Finally, it is concluded that free-radical and n-butyllithium-prepared polystyrenes have essentially atactic structures with meso additions favored over racemic additions by approximately 55/45.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 901-908 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Improvements in the 13C NMR Grant and Paul parameters as applied to polymers have been obtained by noting that the “corrective terms” can be temperature-sensitive. A corresponding temperature sensitivity was not observed for the primary parameters, α through ∊. Results are given for a hydrogenated polybutadiene and six different ethylene-1-olefin copolymers where the standard deviation between calculated and observed chemical shifts has been improved from 1.04 to 0.30 ppm. Since the “corrective terms” in the Grant and Paul empirical analyses of chemical shifts reflect the conformational character of polymers, it is shown that values for these terms can best be obtained directly from the system under study.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 1975-1990 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The 1,4-1,2 additions in three hydrogenated polybutadienes are described in terms of triads of monomer units, average sequence lengths, and branches per 1000 carbon atoms. A test for conformity with Markov statistical behavior shows that the measured triad distributions can be closely reproduced assuming a first-order model. Transition probabilities from the statistical analysis can be used to calculate the relative concentration of any desired sequence. Steric factors during polymerization may lead to the first-order bias in the monomer distribution.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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