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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Islet cell antibodies and diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians (1979)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 17 (1979), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: American Indians ; autoimmunity ; diabetes mellitus ; islet cell antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic islet cell antibodies and 12 other autoantibodies were measured at the time of diabetes diagnosis in 46 Pima Indians, aged 17–47 years, and in 46 age-sex matched non-diabetic controls. Islet cell antibodies were found in only two diabetics, aged 20 and 25, compared with none of 46 controls. Neither of the subjects with islet cell antibodies had other autoantibodies. At least one type of autoantibody was found in 14 (30%) of the diabetics and in 14 controls, but none was significantly associated] with diabetes. This study indicates that diabetes in the Pima Indians, even those with an onset below 25 years of age, is almost entirely of type II, in that the disease is not associated with islet cell antibodies, ketoacidosis, or insulin dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219743
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fasting and two-hour post-load glucose levels for the diagnosis of diabetes (1979)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Two-hour plasma glucose ; fasting plasma glucose ; bimodality ; oral glucose tolerance tests ; Pima Indians ; diagnosis ; diabetes ; sensitivity ; specificity ; misclassification ; retinopahy ; nephropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The frequency distributions of both the fasting and two-hour post-load plasma glucose levels were bimodal in the Pima Indian population aged 25 years and over. The hyperglycaemic component of this distribution represents those with diabetes mellitus, as some 30 percent of this group had evidence of the specific vascular complications of the disease, whereas these abnormalities were virtually absent in those with lower glucose levels. The bimodal characteristics of the frequency distributions were utilized to define optimal criteria to separate those with and without diabetes. The sensitivity and specificity of these criteria for fasting and two-hour glucose levels were compared and were found to be similar. The fasting glucose determination, however, was more reproducible and stable, as well as being easier to obtain, indicating that it is the better measurement for diagnostic purposes. The optimal level for diagnosis of 7.5 mmol/l (136 mg/dl) for the fasting glucose and the equivalent two-hour value of 14 mmol/l (250 mg/dl), were higher than many previously recommended diagnostic levels. Nevertheless, there was no evidence that subjects with lower levels were at appreciable risk of developing the specific complications of diabetes. Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), but without fasting hyperglycaemia, shouldnot be diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01223157
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A molecular analysis of transductional marker rescue involving P-group plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1976)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 143 (1976), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The molecular properties of the P-group plasmids R26, R527 and R18-18 (a carbenicillin-sensitive derivative of R18) have been compared with those of RP1. R18-18 and RP1 have a MW about 38×106 daltons, and R26 and R527 of 52×106 daltons (determined from contour lengths). All three plasmids have a buoyant density similar to that of RP1 (1.719 g/cm3, 60% G+C). From their molecular and phenotypic similarities, these plasmids probably represent two pairs of identical or closely similar elements. Resistant bacteria are not recovered following F116L-mediated transduction of R26 (or R527), and this correlates with the plasmids' larger size (phage genome=40×106 daltons). Fragments of R26 are, however, transduced and their resistance determinants may be “rescued” by recombination if the recipient harbours R18-18. Such events are accompanied by an increase in the size of the recipient plasmid from 38×106 to 52×106 daltons following inheritance of the resistance determinants Sm Su Gm Hg, but not Cb. Thus, Sm Su Gm Hg are encoded in a DNA segment of MW about 14×106 daltons which apparently has no homologous region on R18-18. Since a piece of DNA of this MW also corresponds to the difference in size between R26 and R18-18, it is possible that the former is derived from an RP1-like element which has acquired these additional resistance determinants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269412
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stable carriage of two TnA units on a single replicon (1978)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 160 (1978), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Bacterial plasmids which contain a copy of TnA are refractory to the uptake of a second by transposition. However plasmids containing two such copies can be constructed by in vitro recombination techniques. Some plasmids containing two copies of TnA have been obtained by conventional transposition, but in all cases they arose by the virtually simultaneous insertion of both units into a replicon that carried no TnA. All stable plasmids containing two copies of TnA carried the transposons in opposite orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332978
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterisation of deletion mutants involving the transfer genes of P-group plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1976)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 149 (1976), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The P-group plasmids RP1 and R26 are recovered at low frequency following conjugal transfer to B3-lysogens of P. aeruginosa PAO. The rare carbenicillin-resistant transcipients that do arise are usually transfer-defective (Tra-) and may show the loss of other plasmid borne functions, namely kanamycin-resistance (Kmr) and reduced plating of phage GlOl (Spp+). The four phenotypic classes that occur among the Tra- derivatives are respectively, Tra- (69–81%), Tra- Spp- (12–30%), Tra- Kms and Tra- Kms Spp- (0.2–1%), of which the latter three are due to plasmid deletions. This is seen from the sizes of the plasmids carried by these bacteria and from the transductional analysis of the R26-derivatives. Thus, although R26 (MW=52×106 daltons) is too large to be transduced by phage F116L (MW=40×106), this is possible for its Tra- Kms and Tra- Kms Spp- derivatives. The phenotypes and frequencies of the various transcipient classes suggests that the gene order Km..Tra..Spp occurs in both RP1 and R26, and that Spp is more closely linked to Tra than is Km. These conclusions are supported by the sizes of the plasmid mutants since deletions spanning the loci Km Tra Spp, Km Tra, and Tra Spp involve the loss of DNA of MW 8-17×106, 5-13×106 and 1-9×106 daltons respectively. Whilst all the transcipients displayed the incompatibility properties of the parent plasmids (Inc+), only some retained plasmid surface exclusion (Sfx+). Moreover, a strict correlation existed between the Sfx and Spp phenotypes such that the transcipients were either wild type, Sfx- Spp-, or displayed an intermediate phenotype for both characters. This suggests that these phenotypes are controlled by closely linked genes or are different manifestations of the same gene function. The deletion map of these various markers in both RP1 and R26 therefore seems to be Km..Tra..Sfx/Spp..Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332891
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The properties of hybrids formed between the P-group plasmid RP1 and various plasmids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1976)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 149 (1976), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary R38, R931-1, and R933 are conjugative plasmids derived from strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They confer resistance to mercuric ions (Hg-r), and do not transfer from P. aeruginosa to Escherichia coli at detectable frequencies. Hybrids between each of these plasmids and the P-group plasmid, RP1, have been detected among the rare Hg-r transconjugants arising from matings of P. aeruginosa PAO donors (RP1+ R+) and E. coli K12 recipients. Two independently isolated hybrid plasmids from each of the three mating combinations have been studied. All were found to confer the entire marker phenotype of RP1, but only the Hg-r phenotype of their second parent. Moreover, all were larger than RP1 but comprised only two groups of sizes; those increased by about 14×106 daltons (the RP1/R38 hybrids), and those increased by about 30×106 daltons (the RP1/R931-1 and RP1/R933 hybrids). The hybrid plasmids were all too large to be transduced intact by phage F116L, but transduction of fragments was possible. Thus, the determinants for both carbenicillin-resistance (Cb-r) (from RP1) and mercuric-ion-resistance could be “rescued” by recipients that already carried an RP1-like plasmid and were recombination-proficient. A molecular analysis of the plasmids recovered from such transductants suggested that each of the parental hybrids was comprised of an entire RP1 genome into which a fragment of heterologous DNA had been inserted. In similar experiments in which the recipient carried a derivative of R931-1, the Hg-r but not the Cb-r determinant could be rescued. This suggested that R38, R931-1, and R933 shared sufficient homology in the region of the mer gene for recombination to occur between them. The reason for the inability to rescue the Cb-r determinant was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332892
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of Tn501, a transposon determining resistance to mercuric ions (1978)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 159 (1978), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The transposon encoding resistance to mercuric ions, Tn501, is 5.2 (±0.1)×106 daltons and is bounded by small inverted repeats. The restriction sites for the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, HindIII and SalGI have been mapped on the element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401753
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional preference of insertion of Tn501 and Tn802 into RP1 and its derivatives (1978)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 166 (1978), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The sites of insertion of Tn501 into RP1 and into derivatives of this plasmid that either lack the Tn801 (TnA) element or contain it in a different location have been determined. Similarly, the sites of insertion of Tn802 into a derivative of RP1 that lacks the Tn801 element and into recombinants of this plasmid with Tn501 were determined. ‘Hot spots’ for insertion were observed with both transposons; but it is clear that a particular DNA sequence is not sufficient to define a ‘hot spot’, since a particular region does contain many insertions when present in one plasmid but does not do so when part of another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267624
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