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  • 1975-1979  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 2351-2369 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Basic Behavior of Epoxides in the Presence of Halide Ions, IV. gem-Difluorocyclopropanes from Difluorocarbene, Generated from Chlorodifluoromethane and Alkoxide Ions in Small Concentrationgem-Difuorocyclopropanes are formed in high yields from chlorodifluoromethane, alkanolate ions, and reactive alkenes (table 1), provided that the concentration of alkanolate is small. Alkanolates of the necessary small concentration are found in a solution of halide ions in epoxides(eq. (3)). Suitable epoxides are (chloromethyl)oxirane and oxirane (ethylene oxide). The conversion is increased by increasing concentration of chloride ions (fig. 1, curve A) and decreased by increasing concentration of alcohol (tab. 4). With less reactive olefines are formed not only the desired gem-difluorocyclopropanes but also the products of reaction between difluorocarbene and alcohols (compounds 9, 11, 12). The structures both of the gem-difluorocyclopropanes and of the by-products are determined mainly by n.m.r. (1H, 13C, 19F).
    Notes: gem-Difluorcyclopropane entstehen in hohen Ausbeuten aus Chlordifluormethan, Alkanolat und reaktiven Alkenen (Tab. 1), sofern die Konzentration an Alkanolat sehr klein ist. Die Alkanolat-lonen in der erforderlichen geringen Konzentration enthält eine Lösung von Halogenid-Ionen in Epoxiden (Gi. (3)). Gebräuchliche Epoxide sind (Chlormethyl)oxiran und Oxiran (Äthylenoxid). Der Umsatz wird durch zunehmende Chlorid-Ionen-Konzentration erhöht (Abb. 1, Kurve A)und durch Zunehmende Alkohol-Konzentration Herabgesetzt (Tab. 4). Mit weniger reaktiven Alkenen erhält man nicht nur die gewünschten gem-Difluorcyclopropane, sondern auch Produkte der Umsetzung zwischen Difluorcarben und Alkoholen, wobei die Verbindungen 9, 11 und 12 entstehen. Die Strukturen der gem-Difluorcyclopropane und der Nebenprodukte werden hauptsächlich durch die NMR-Spektren (1H, 13C, 19F) belegt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 1304-1311 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Basic Behavior of Epoxides in the Presence of Halide Ions, VI. Base-catalyzed Halogen Exchange between HaloformsCHX3 and CHY3 exchange their halogen atoms X and Y, if alkanolate ions are present in small concentration (equation (3)); the alkanolate ions are formed by the reaction between halide ions and epoxides (equation (2)). Besides this novel exchange phenomenon two other already known ones are observed, namely the base-catalyzed H-D exchange between CHX3 and CDY3, and the exchange of halogen between CHX3 and Y⊖ (halide ions). Measurements of rate by n.m.r. spectroscopy indicate that those exchange phenomena involving halogen proceed via dihalogeno-carbenes.  -  The exchange of halogen between haloforms permits the preparation of the haloforms CHCl2Br, CHClBr2, CHBr2I, and CHBrI2.
    Notes: CHX3 und CHY3 tauschen ihre Halogenatome X und Y aus, sofern Alkanolat-Ionen in geringer Konzentration vorhanden sind (Gl. (3)); die Alkanolat-Ionen bilden sich bei der Reaktion zwischen Halogenid-Ionen und Epoxiden (Gl. (2)). Neben diesem neuartigen Austauschvorgang beobachtet man zwei bereits bekannte, nämlich den basenkatalysierten H-D-Austausch zwischen CHX3 und CDY3 und den Halogenaustausch zwischen CHX3 und Y⊖ (Halogenid-Ionen). Messungen der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit durch NMR-Spektroskopie lassen vermuten, daß beide Halogenaustauschvorgänge über Dihalogencarbene verlaufen.  -  Der Halogenaustausch zwischen Halogenoformen gestattet die Darstellung der Halogenoforme CHCl2Br, CHClBr2, CHBr2I und CHBrl2.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 88 (1976), S. 478-479 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1260-1266 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation of Cyclic Ethers by Iodine Tris(trifluoroacetate). Synthesis and NMR Analysis of Some Diastereomeric 3-Deoxypentofuranose DerivativesIodine tris(trifluoroacetate) (1) oxidizes the cyclic ether 2 to yield a mixture (3) consisting of the four diastereomeric 3-deoxypentofuranoses A-D. The main isomer A, a derivative of 3-deoxy-threo-pentofuranose, crystallizes out of the mixture and is thus available in a single step, contrary to six steps necessary before. - The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the four diastereomers were analysed (fig. 1 and 2). According to the 1H NMR spectra γ-effects may also be used for determining the configuration in these five-membered rings: γ-substituents changing over from the trans-to the cis-position cause a low field shift of the proton between 0.04 and 0.22 ppm.
    Notes: Iod-tris(trifluoracetat) (1)-oxidiert den cyclischen Ether 2 zu einem Gemisch (3), das aus den vier diastereomeren 3-Desoxypentofuranosen A-D besteht. Das Hauptisomere A, ein 3-Desoxy-threo-pentofuranose-Derivat, kristalliert aus dem Gemisch und ist somit in einem einzigen Syntheseschritt zugänglich, während bisher mindestens sechs Stufen erforderlich waren. - Die 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektren der vier Diastereomeren wurden analysiert (Abb. 1 und 2). - Laut 1H-NMR-Spektren können auch γ-Effekte zur Konfigurationsbestimmung dieser Fünfringe herangezogen werden: γ-Substituenten, die von der trans- in die cis-Position wechseln, verursachen eine Tieffeldverschiebung des Protons zwischen 0.04 und 0.22 ppm.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 15 (1976), S. 436-436 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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