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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LIPID COMPOSITION AND METABOLISM OF CULTURED HAMSTER BRAIN ASTROCYTES (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 27 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The lipid composition and metabolism of confluent cultures of cells derived from newborn hamster brain and having morphology characteristic of immature astrocytes or spongioblasts was investigated and compared to that of newborn hamster brain dispersions and cloned glioma cells (C6). The cells displayed stable morphology for at least 30 subcultures; thereafter spontaneous transformation occurred. No appreciable changes were observed in either composition or metabolic characteristics of any major neutral lipid or phospholipid class in successive subcultures or following transformation. The overall lipid composition of the hamster astrocyte cultures closely resembled that of newborn hamster brain, but the phospholipid composition showed substantial differences. The cells contained as a percent of lipid P relatively more ethanolamine plasmalogen, choline plasmalogen and sphingomyelin and somewhat less phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The phospholipids of the hamster astrocyte and C6 cells were similar. Of the lipid precursors examined, [U-14C]glucose was incorporated best into all preparations. C6 glioma cells incorporated both [U-14C]glucose and [1-14C]acetate most actively. From 69–88% of 32P incorporated into hamster astrocyte phospholipids was present in choline phosphoglycerides, whereas the corresonding figure for hamster brain dispersions was 53%. The ratio of specific activities of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylinositol was substantially higher in the cultured cells than in the brain preparations. The small pool of choline plasmalogen in the hamster astrocytes usually achieved the highest specific activity of any phospholipid. When [U-14C]glucose and [1-14C]acetate were precursors, the bulk of label in the astrocytes appeared in choline phosphoglycerides and triacyglycerol. Our results indicate that the hamster astrocyte cell line as grown expresses distinctive features of lipid composition and metabolism which are nearly constant through many generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb10394.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM IN CULTURED NEUROBLASTOMA AND GLIOMA CELLS INCUBATED WITH CARBAMYLCHOLINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 24 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cultures of cloned neuroblastoma cells (N1E) in stationary phase and cloned glioma cells (C21) in confluency showed substantial differences in phospholipid composition. As a percentage of lipid P, N1E contained more phosphatidylcholine, less ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and much less sphingomyelin than C21. When incubated with 32Pi both cell lines incorporated comparable amounts of radioactivity into total phospholipids. In NIE, phosphatidylcholine contained much more and phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid somewhat less label as compared to C21. The presence in the incubation medium of either norepinephrine or carbamylcholine failed to elicit stimulation of 32P incorporation into any phospholipid class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb07629.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyanamide mediated syntheses under plausible primitive earth conditions (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 10 (1977), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Prebiotic ; Acylglycerols ; Tripalmitolglycerol ; Cyanamide ; Imidazole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of palmitoylglycerols in good yields occurs when a solution of glycerol, ammonium palmitate, cyanamide and imidazole is dried and heated at ambient humidity at temperatures ranging from 60°–100°C for 16 h. Much less product is formed in the absence of either or both cyanamide or imidazole. This work suggests that acylglycerols could have been synthesized on the primitive Earth under plausible prebiotic conditions which were similar but not identical to those which have been shown to condense deoxynucleotides into oligodeoxynucleotides and amino acids into peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01764597
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyanamide mediated synthesis under plausible primitive earth conditions (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 14 (1979), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Glycerol ; Glycerophosphate ; Cyanamide ; Glycerolipids ; Prebiotic synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The formation of glycerol occurs when a solution of DL-glyceraldehyde is heated in the presence of hydrogen sulfide at room temperature. DL-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone treated with hydrazine, as well as DL-glyceraldehyde incubated with formaldehyde are also partially converted to glycerol. The yields of the above reactions are from approximately 1% to about 3%. The formation of glycerophosphates occurs when glycerol is heated with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and either urea or cyanamide. The yield of glycerophosphates is about 30%, most of which issn-glycero-1 (3)-phosphate. These findings indicate that glycerol andsn-glycero-3-phosphate, which are moieties of glycerolipids, could have been formed under conditions which may have prevailed on the primitive Earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732490
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyanamide mediated syntheses under plausible primitive earth conditions (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 11 (1978), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Checmical evolution ; Prebiotic synthesis ; Phosphatidic acids ; Phospholipids ; Cyanamide ; Imidazolen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A mixture of ammonium palmitate,14C-sn-glycero-1(3)-phosphate, cyanimide and imidazole when heated for several hours formed significant quantities of phospholipids. These reaction products were shown by chromatographic, chemical and enzymatic procedures to be monopalmitoylglycerophosphate (MPGP), dipalmitoylglycerophosphate (DPGP) and monopalmitoyl cyclic glycerophosphate (cMPGP). A portion of the MPGP and DPGP possessed the same steric configuration as naturally occurring lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid. The yield of total phospholipid was maximal at temperatures between 60° and 90° after 8 h. When ratios of reactants were varied, up to 45% of radioactive glycerophosphate was converted into phospholipids. The average proportions of individual phosphatidic acids were: 60% MPGP, 27% DPGP and 13% cMPGP. Evidence was obtained for a synergistic relationship between cyanamide and imidazole in promoting the formation of phosphatidic acids. These results suggest that phosphatidic acids, which are essential precursors for the biochemical synthesis of more complex membrane phospholipids, could have been produced on the primitive Earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01733838
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical, virological, and pathological features of herpesvirus SA8 infection in conventional and gnotobiotic infant baboons(Papio cynocephalus) (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 50 (1976), S. 255-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathogenicity of a strain of simian herpesvirus SA8 in one month old conventional and gnotobiotic baboons was investigated. Intratracheal inoculation resulted in a mortality rate of 1/5 in the conventional and 1/4 in the gnotobiotic group. Disease became apparent after 3 days and was characterized by respiratory distress, reduced formula intake, weight loss and fever in both groups. Isolation of herpesvirus from the respiratory tract, lymphoid organs, kidneys, adrenals, and CNS was more frequent by explant culturing than by routine procedures. Although there was a significant difference in total white blood counts (WBC), with higher values in conventional vs. gnotobiotic infants, the absolute number of lymphocytes was not different. The lower number of WBCs apparently was due to fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the gnotobiotic baboons. Infection resulted in a leukopenia 5 days post infection (p.i.) and a leukocytosis 10 days p.i. in both groups. The animals, which succumbed, had acute necrotizing fibrinous pneumonia. Intranuclear inclusion bodies typical for herpesviruses were present. All the surviving infant baboons had subacute interstitial pneumonia, when sacrificed 35 days p.i.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317951
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal infection of the baboon(Papio cynocephalus) with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 60 (1979), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent observations of LCM-induced fetal damage in humans suggested attempts to develop an animal model for studies on viral congenital malformations. We report herein viral studies on three pregnant baboons(Papio cynocephalus) inoculated subcutaneously with LCM virus strain WE3. The first animal, inoculated in the 9th week of pregnancy, aborted 9 days after a high virus dose. Inoculation of the second baboon during a later stage (23rd week) of pregnancy with a moderate virus dose, resulted in the demonstration of virus in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and cord blood. The infant showed only a slight pleocytosis of the spinal fluid, but no virus shedding and no late sequelae. The third baboon inoculated with a high virus dose during the 21st week of pregnancy delivered an underweight, icteric infant that succumbed on the 6th day. All organs of this animal that were tested contained virus. Microscopic examination of these tissues revealed multifocal necrosis, cerebral glial nodules, meningitis, and bilateral choriovasculitis. These results illustrate that fetal damage observed in the LCM-inoculated baboon resembles that seen in humans following infection with LCM virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317502
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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