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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on the proliferation of Gymnodinium breve and Gomphosphaeria aponina (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 41 (1977), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of temperature on the growth and proliferation of two marine microorganisms, the toxigenic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve, and a potential bio-control organism, the blue-green alga Gomphosphaeria aponina, was determined by culturing the organisms in thermal gradients established by heating and cooling the opposite ends of an aluminum bar that had been adapted to hold culture tubes. Gradients were linear and stable for the duration of each trial. There was no relationship between variations in light and growth of the organisms. Gymnodinium breve showed optimum growth at 22°C, and proliferated over a range of temperatures (17° to 30°C). Below 17°C cultures of G. breve declined in growth, and at 4°C the organisms died within 5 h. Above 31°C there was rapid decline in viability of cells, and at 33.5°C the organism died within 24 h. Gomphosphaeria aponina showed optimum growth between 24° and 29°C, with a maximum at 27°C. Growth at temperatures greater than 31°C was minimal, but the organism survived. Limitation may be due to repression of the bio-synthesis of an iron-transport compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390583
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some effects of superparasitism byLixophaga diatraeae of sugarcane borer larvae in the laboratory (1976)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 20 (1976), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Quand des larves deDiatraea saccharalis (Borer de la canne à sucre) sont parasitées par la TachinaireLixophaga diatraeae, la mortalité s'accroît avec l'augmentation du nombre de parasites hébergés par les larves-hôtes et cela, du début du 1er stade jusqu'au 4ème stade larvaire; cependant la mortalité est plus faible chez les larves les plus âgées au moment de l'attaque du parasite. La durée du développement larvaire des asticots de la Tachinaire est plus courte chez les larves hôtes les plus âgées et diminue également en fonction du nombre de parasites par hôte; toutefois la durée du développement nymphal n'est pas affectée par le superparasitisme. Par contre le poids des pupes du parasite décroît avec la densité du parasitisme. La taille des Tachinaires n'influence pas le choix des partenaires lors de l'accouplement, mais le nombre d'œufs pondus s'accroît avec le poids des femelles. Le superparasitisme n'affecte pas la longévité du diptère parasite, mais les femelles vivent plus longtemps que les mâles, qu'elles soient issues d'un hôte faiblement ou fortement parasité. Les asticots deLixophaga muent deux fois à l'intérieur de l'hôte; elles émergent au cours du 3ème stade larvaire pour la pupaison. Une compétition se manifeste entre les asticots, le taux de survie dépendant du nombre de parasites par larve-hôte, de la localisation des asticots sur le tronc trachéen longitudinal de l'hôte, et de la promiscuité entre ces larves endoparasites.
    Notes: Abstract A fly parasite,Lixophaga diatraeae (Townshend), of the sugarcane borer,Diatraea saccharalis (F.), is currently being produced at our laboratory to determine if it can be released periodically in sugarcane fields and control sugarcane borers. This parasite is reared on sugarcane borers in the laboratory. Frequently more than one parasite develops on a single host insect and host insects vary in size. When several parasites entered the same host some did not develop because of competition between them. This problem was more acute in young host sugarcane borers than in older sugarcane borers. The early 5th stage sugarcane borer larva was the most suitable stage for parasite development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573831
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development ofDiatraea Saccharalis [Lep.: Pyralidae] at constant temperatures (1975)
    Springer
    BioControl 20 (1975), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le foreur de la canne à sucre,Diatraea saccharalis (F) est utilisé comme hôte pour l'élevage de la mouche de Cuba, tachinaire parasite (Lixophaga diatraeae Townsend). Ces tachinaires seront lâchées en grand nombre en Louisiane et en Floride pour déterminer la possibilité de recourir à un parasite pour la lutte contre le foreur de la canne à sucre. Une production satisfaisante de n'importe quel insecte en laboratoire exige une connaissance détaillée de la durée des différents stades de développement aux températures appropriées et la détermination des conditions d'élevage les plus favorables. La durée des stades: œuf, larves, nymphe et adulte et le pourcentage de mortalité sont établis pour des températures allant de 15,6 à 34°C. Les températures les plus favorables pour le développement le plus rapide et pour la meilleures survie des différent stades sont les suivantes: 26°C pour l'œuf, 28°C pour la chenille, 26°C pour la chrysalide et 24°C pour le papillon.
    Notes: Abstract At constant temperatures between 15.6 and 32°C the incubation time of eggs ofDiatraea saccharalis (F.) was reduced by each increase in temperature. At 34°C the time decreased. Highest (98.6%) and lowest (9.9%) egg hatch occurred at 26 and 34°C, respectively. Larvae completed development at temperatures ranging from 22 to 34°C; however, only 4.4% of the larvae pupated at 34°C. Duration of the larval stage at 30°C (♂=18.1 days; ♀=19.1 days) was ca. 14 days shorter than at 22°C. Maximum rate of development in the pupal stage occurred at 28°C (ca. 6.8 days), and a higher temperature increased developmental time and mortality. Adult longevity and egg production generally were reduced with increasing temperatures and egg production was highest at 24°C (729.8 eggs/ moth). As many as 7 larval stages occurred; but most larvae completed development in 5 stages, and none completed development in less than 5 stages. The female larval stage was ca. 1 day longer than that of males, and this difference occurred primarily in the 5th stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371955
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological control ofDiatraea saccharalis [Lep.: Pyralidae] in Florida by periodic releases ofLixophaga diatraeae [Dipt.: Tachinidae] (1976)
    Springer
    BioControl 21 (1976), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des lâchers de la mouche parasite, appelée vulgairement mouche de Cuba, dans les champs de anne, en Floride, ont limité les populations du foreur de la canne. La tachinaire a parasité 20 à 78% des foreurs. En outre, la descendance des parasites a été retrouvée à plus de 3 km des points de lâcher. Les dégâts aux cannes à sucre furent moindres dans les champs où les lâchers ont été effectués que dans les champs voisins.
    Notes: Abstract Lixophaga diatraeae (Townsend) parasitized 20 to 78% ofDiatraea saccharalis (F) larval populations within 3 weeks after release. The flies (4 to 6 days old) did not migrate from the release area, but the progeny dispersed as much as 3 km into adjacent untreated areas within 5 generations. Progeny dispersal, apparently during the prelarviposition period, resulted in 100% parasitization ofD. saccharalis larvae in some plots. In 2 of the 3 tests, the host population decreased after the releases. Percentage damaged internodes increased with distance from the release site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371634
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in rearing ofLixophaga diatraeae [Dipt.: Tachinidae] (1975)
    Springer
    BioControl 20 (1975), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé De grands nombres deLixophaga diatraeae (Townsend), tachinaire parasite du foreur de la canne à sucre (Diatraea saccharalis F.) sont nécessaires pour procéder à des essais de lâchers inondatifs destinés à démontrer si ce parasite peut être utilisé en lutte biologique contre le foreur de la canne à sucre. Les méthodes employées jusqu'à présent pour l'élevage deL. diatraeae sont inadaptées à un programme d'élevage de masse. Les larves du foreur sont élevées dans des coupelles de 30 ml avec un milieu artificiel. Des techniques sont mises au point pour récolter les parasites adultes à l'émergence, extraire les asticots du 1er stade des tachnaires femelles, infester les larves du foreur de la canne à sucre avec ces asticots et détruire la dépouille de la larve hôte à l'aide de NaOCl à 1% pour réduire la contamination par des microbes de la pupe du parasite. D'importantes quantités deL. diatraeae ont été élevées ainsi avec succès en vue le lâchers sur le terrain effectué en Floride et en Louisiane.
    Notes: Abstract Larvae ofDiatraea saccharalis (F) were reared on artificial diet in 30-ml cups (1–3 larvae/cup). Adults of the larviparous tachinid parasite,Lixophaga diatraeae (Townsend), were removed from emergence and holding cages with a modified vacuum sweeper. Maggots were extracted from 10 to 14-day-old female flies, that had been disinfected with 1% NaOCl by one of two methods. In method I, fly uteri were removed and placed in a 10-ml vial containing a 0.15% agar-water solution with 3–4 glass beads; rapid vibration of the vial ruptured the uteri and distributed the maggots in the agar solution. In method 2, whole flies were blended with 50-ml water in a blender, and maggots were separated from fly particles by screening; then they were suspended in the agar solution. A procedure was devised for determining the number of maggots obtained by each method. The maggot-agar solution was injected into cups containing host larvae and maggots sought out and parasitized the host larvae; however, the percentage producing puparia generally decreased with increases of host larva and/or maggot density. Puparia were harvested from cups by hand and washed in 1% NaOCl to disinfect and destroy host larval webbing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371956
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the time required for reference count management in retention block-structured languages. Part 2 (1978)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 7 (1978), S. 91-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Block-structured languages ; retention vs. deletion ; contour model ; stack model ; reference counts ; lifetime checks ; time estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, two implementations of generalized block-structured languages are presented and compared for time requirements. One implementation, the Lifetime Stack Model, implements the deletion strategy with lifetime checks; the other, the Partial Reference Count Contour Machine, implements the retention strategy. For a large subset of the lifetime well-stacking programs, those that run correctly on the first model, the two models are shown to require nearly the same order of magnitude of time. The use of full label values is shown to have a detrimental effect on the time efficiency of the latter model. Part 1, in Volume 7, Number 1, of this journal, gives a general description of the machines, some of their definitions, and proof of the results. Part 2, in this issue, serves as an appendix to Part 1 and contains most of the formal definitions of the machines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00975882
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time required for reference count management in retention block-structured languages. Part 1 (1978)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 7 (1978), S. 11-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Block-structured languages ; retention vs. deletion ; contour model ; stack model ; reference counts ; lifetime checks ; time estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, two implementations of generalized block-structured languages are presented and their time requirements compared. One implementation, the lifetime stack model (LSM), implements the deletion strategy with lifetime checks; the other, the partial reference count contour machine (PRCCM), implements the retention strategy. For a large subset of the lifetime well-stacking programs, which are precisely those that run correctly on the first model, the two models are shown to require nearly the same order of magnitude of time. The use of full-label values is shown to have a detrimental effect on the time efficiency of the latter model. Part 1, in this issue, gives a general description of the machines and part of their definitions, and proves the results. Part 2, in the next issue, serving as an appendix to Part 1, contains most of the formal definitions of the machines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00991939
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