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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conclusions about aminopeptidase in tissue sections from studies of amino acid naphthylamide hydrolysis (1976)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 47 (1976), S. 271-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Catalytic properties (KM, Vmax) of aminopeptidase in pig kidney sections, in isolated membranes and in a solubilized purified form were investigated using amino acid 2-naphthylamides and 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamides. In the first case these properties were estimated on the basis of the stain intensity resulting from the coupling of product with Fast Blue B, in the latter two cases they were measured fluorometrically. The following observations were made: (1) In all three cases the substrate turnover was shown to be a direct function of time and enzyme concentration. (2) The values obtained for the solubilized and the membrane bound form were practically identical but differed from those found in tissue sections. (3) Each amino acid derivative had defined constants, but these were difficult to obtain in sections, especially if it was necessary, on account of poor solubilities, to use low substrate concentrations. (4) Hydrophilic amino acid derivatives were adsorbed to tissue membranes much less than hydrophobic ones. (5) Fast Blue B caused a non-competitive inhibition of enzymic activity. (6) Binding of antibody against pure aminopeptidase caused inhibition of the enzymic hydrolysis of all the naphthylamides. Thus, histochemical stain intensities per time and area derived from one substrate at a defined concentration are suitable for the determination of enzyme concentrations. However, no conclusions regarding the homogeneity of the enzyme in sections can be drawn by comparing the stain intensities obtained with different substrates in contrast to data from the inhibition of substrate hydrolysis by antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489195
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cellular distribution of aldolase isozymes in rat kidney and brain determined in tissue sections by the immuno-histochemical method (1975)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 45 (1975), S. 143-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of the immuno-histochemical method permits the localization of aldolase isozymes in tissue sections. Upon incubating a section with a monomer-specific antiserum, isozymes containing that monomer remain in the section, whereas other cytoplasmic enzymes diffuse out of the section. If soluble antigen is added subsequently, it is bound by the tissue-bound antibody. These antibody fixed aldolases can then be stained by the use of a tetrazolium test linked to substrate hydrolysis. In this way it was demonstrated that isozymes of aldolase containing mostly the A monomer are predominantly localized in the distal tubules, the collecting tubules, the vessels and capillaries of the kidney, the ganglia, the Purkinje cells, the neurons, the white matter and the chorioid plexus of the brain. Aldolase containing mostly B-monomers were found in the proximal tubules. Aldolase isozymes particularly rich in C-monomers were seen in the nervus opticus, the pia mater, the vessels of cerebrum and the molecular layer of the cortex cerebelli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495158
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The differentiation of proximal and distal tubules in the male rat kidney: The appearance of aldolase isozymes, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase during ontogeny (1976)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 47 (1976), S. 315-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The specific activities of aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and aldolase isozymes were measured in homogenates of kidneys taken at different stages of ontogeny. The cellular localization of these enzymes was studied in cryostat tissue sections using substrate linked assays for aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase and the mixed aggregation immuno-cytochemical technique for aldolase isozymes; local enzyme concentrations were estimated photometrically. 2. The presence of both aldolase-A and aldolase-B was demonstrated in all metanephrogenic cells (and at still higher concentrations in collecting tubule cells) of the rat fetus 16 days after conception and in the undifferentiated cells of the neogenetic zone of kidney up to 8 days after birth; no aminopeptidase or alkaline phosphatase could be found in these cells. 3. Measurements made on stained tissue sections show that the shift towards aldolase-B, seen in homogenate analyses, is due to a change in the relative amounts of proximal tubules. No evidence was seen for repression in the synthesis of aldolase-A or aldolase-B monomers in the different kidney cells during ontogeny. 4. Two transitions in the mode of nephron differentiation were observed: one was shortly after birth, the other followed weaning. Before the first transition the concentrations of the enzymes increased to different degrees, such that the enzymes reached concentrations comparable with those as in the cells of adult rats by 2 to 4 days post partum. After the second transition proximal tubule size and specific activity of brush border membrane enzymes increased 3 fold. In contrast, the distal tubules did not increase significantly in size, but their aldolase-A concentration increased 3 fold. 5. Evidence based on enzyme quantification and morphometry in kidney sections is presented to demonstrate that the proximal tubule cells show functional adaptation by two independent mechanisms: specific amplification of gene expression and hypertrophy. In contrast, the distal tubule shows functional adaptation only by specific amplification of gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489199
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of epithelial cells in human jejunum: Localization and quantification of aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and aldolase isozymes in tissue sections (1976)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 48 (1976), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sections from human jejunum were stained histochemically for aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase and the aldolase isozymes were detected with the mixed aggregation immuno-cytochemical technique. All enzyme concentrations increased from the bottom to the upper part of the crypt. The concentration of aldolase-A per cell was the same in the upper part of the crypt and the villus, whereas the concentration of the other three enzymes was still higher. Therefore, high amounts of aldolase-B, aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase are present in cells highly active in absorption in a fashion similar to that found in the proximal tubule cells of kidney. The relatively undifferentiated cells of the crypts contained both aldolase-A and aldolase-B. Alkaline phosphatase gains its full activity later than aminopeptidase. The synthesis of microvillar membrane enzymes comes to an end earlier than that of the cytosol enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00494548
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in human muscle tissues by the mixed aggregation immunocytochemical technique (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 60 (1979), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme composition and localization was determined in sections of skeletal, heart and smooth muscle by the mixed aggregation immunocytochemical method using first antibody directed against purified human LDH-A4 (M4) or LDH-B4 (H4) followed by the enzymes LDH-A4 and LDH-B4, respectively. An even distribution of the two monomers in all fibres was seen with heart muscle and smooth muscle. Heart muscle had a low concentration of A-monomers and a high concentration of B-monomers, whereas the smooth muscle had equal concentrations of the two monomers. In contrast, skeletal muscle from m. quadriceps femoris was found to be composed of two muscle fibre types, one containing mainly A-, the other mainly B-monomers. On the basis of succinate dehydrogenase activity it was shown that the red (type 1) fibres contain mainly B-monomers and the white (type 2) fibres mainly A-monomers of LDH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500654
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auto-Antikörper gegen Herzmuskelsarkolemm im Serum von Patienten mit primärer Cardiomyopathie (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Idiopathic cardiomyopathy ; primary cardiomyopathy autoantibodies reacting with heart muscle sarcolemma ; Idiopathische Cardiomyopathie ; primäre Cardiomyopathie ; Autoantikörper gegen Herzmuskelsarkolemm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Antikörper gegen Determinanten des Herzmuskel-Sarkolemms ließen sich in den Seren von 60 der 68 erfaßten Patienten mit idiopathischer Cardiomyopathie (CM) nachweisen. Die Diagnose der Patienten war klinisch und auf Grund haemodynamischer Messungen gestellt worden. Titerendstufen wurden durch Titration des Patientenserums auf Herzmuskelgewebeschnitten gefolgt von Inkubationen mit fluorescenzmarkiertem Kaninchen-Anti-Human-IgG und fluorescenzmarkiertem Ziegen-Anti-Kaninchen-IgG bestimmt. Die Titerendstufen betrugen bis 1:64. Nur in 9 Fällen konnte dieser Antikörper durch Streptokokken der Gruppe A absorbiert werden, in keinem jedoch durch quergestreifte oder glatte Muskulatur. Zusätzlich hatten 12 der 25 Patienten mit CM vom obstruktiven Typus antinucleäre Antikörper im Serum. Es ist deshalb mit berechtigten Gründen zu diskutieren, ob für die als idiopathische CM diagnostizierten Fälle eine Autoimmunerkrankung angenommen werden kann.
    Notes: Summary 68 patients with clinical and hemodynamical diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy (CM) were analysed for antibody in their sera using an immunofluorescence sandwich technique after titration of the sera in tissue sections. 60 of these patients had antibodies against heart muscle sarcolemma with titers up to 1:64. Out of these, the antibodies in 9 sera could be absorbed with group A streptococci. The antibodies reacted in no case with striated or smooth muscle sarcolemma. The 25 patients with an obstructive type of CM showed the highest titers and 12 of them, in addition, had antinuclear factors in their sera. Theses findings suggested an auto-allergic etiology for most cases of idiopathic CM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01466712
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral neuropathy after administration of tetanus toxoid (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 222 (1979), S. 131-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy ; Tetanus toxoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer 20jährigen Patientin wurde 3 Wochen nach einer intraglutealen Injektion von Tetanus-Toxoid und 6–7 Wochen nach einem Polytrauma eine Lähmung mehrerer Muskeln des rechten Armes beobachtet. Die EMG-Befunde zeigten vorübergehend eine Leitungsblockade der Nerven zum M. deltoides und pectoralis und eine schwerere, axonale und Markscheidenläsion der Fasern zum M. biceps. Die Ursache der Lähmung ist möglicherweise in der Applikation des Tetanus-Toxoid zu sehen, andere mögliche Ursachen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A reversible paresis of several muscles of the right arm was observed in a 20-year-old female, 3 weeks after the intragluteal injection of tetanus toxoid and 6–7 weeks after multiple injuries. The EMG findings indicated a transitory conduction block of nerve fibers to the deltoid and pectoralis muscles and a more severe axonal-demyelinating lesion of fibers to the biceps muscle. The cause of the palsy was probably a reaction to the administration of tetanus toxoid; other possible causes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313006
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    185. Die Cholecystektomie als Simultaneingriff (1979)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 349 (1979), S. 558-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01729644
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The localization of enzymes in tissue sections by immuno-histochemistry. Conventional antibody and mixed aggregation techniques (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 8 (1976), S. 253-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synopsis Methods for detecting enzymes in tissue sections by antibody techniques are reviewed. In all these techniques, sections are first incubated with antibody. The bound antibody is visualized in one of four ways: identifying a label such as fluorescein linked to the antibody; using a labelled anti-antibody; employing complement and labelled anti-complement; or making use of a mixed aggregation immuno-cytochemical method. The last technique consists of three steps. A section is first incubated with antiserum, and secondly with the soluble enzyme under investigation. Thirdly the desired enzyme is ‘stained’ using a conventional cytochemical method. The method is specific since, for example, the soluble enzyme used in the second step can bind only to antigenic determinants which are identical to those of the enzyme localized in the tissue. Thus purification of antigen and antibody sources is simplified, and chemical modifications of the antigen and antibody are avoided. Antibody also acts as a selective fixative for tissue antigen. It will inhibit the catalytic activity of its antigen and, in this way, permit the enzyme activity arising after the reaction of tissue enzyme-antibody complex with soluble enzyme to be amplified selectively. The mixed aggregation immuno-cytochemical technique has been used successfully with membrane-bound enzymes and cytoplasmic enzymes and for the demonstration of catalytically inactive enzyme precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01003815
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