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  • 1970-1974  (5)
  • 1965-1969  (3)
  • 1950-1954  (1)
  • 1915-1919  (1)
  • 1890-1899  (4)
  • Chemistry  (13)
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biopharmaceutical and physicochemicai studies on reserpine-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitates (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 2 (1974), S. 511-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: absorption ; reserpine ; bioavailability ; coprecipitates ; polyvinylpyrrolidone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of varying the composition of drug- polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitates on the oral absorption characteristics of reserpine was assessed in the rat by urinary excretion studies. Both the rate and extent of absorption of reserpine from either a 1∶2,1∶5,or 1∶10 (w/w)ratio reserpinepolyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate were increased two- to threefold. This finding indicates that at coprecipitate ratios of 0.5or less, the enhanced absorption of reserpine is apparently independent of polyvinylpyrrolidone content. The in vitrodissolution rates of these test systems at 37°Ccorrelated very well with the in vivoabsorption data, suggesting dissolution rate- limited absorption, The results of physicochemical studies suggest that on coprecipitation of reserpine with polyvinylpyrrolidone a highly energetic form of the drug, most probably amorphous in nature, is formed. The solubility characteristics of this high- energy crystal form, as compared to those of the most thermodynamically stable form of the drug, appear to be responsible for the marked enhancement noted in both the dissolution and the absorption of reserpine from polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01070945
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecules in solution, Hertbert Morawetz, Interscience, New York, 1965. 495 pp. + xvi, $16.50 (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 4 (1966), S. 1053-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1966.360040912
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobiologische Umwandlungen nichtsteroider Strukturen, V. Mikrobiologische Reaktionen von substituierten 1-Äthyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrochinolin-3-carbonsäuren (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 2636-2642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbiological Transformations of Nonsteroidal Structures, V. Microbiological Reactions of Substituted 1-Ethyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids1-Ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (1) is transformed to the methyl ester by Streptomyces surinam. Penicillium adametzi hydroxylates the substrate at the 7-methyl substituent, whereas 1 -ethyl-8-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo- 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (4) is hydrolyzed to the free phenol by the same fungi. l-Ethyl-4-oxo-1,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[g]quinolinc-3-carboxylic acid (6) is hydroxylated in 7 - and 8-position by Penicillium adametzi, in 6- and 7- (or 8-) position by Streptomyces achromogenes and in 6-position by Sporotrichum sulfurescens. 5-Ethyl-8-oxo-2,3,5,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-g]quinoline-7-carboxylic acid (10) undergoes only a hydrolytic cleavage of the dihydrofuranering.
    Notes: 1-Äthyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrochinolin-3-carbonsäure (1) wird durch Streptomyces surinam in den Methylester umgewandelt. Penicillium adametzi hydroxyliert das Substrat am 7-Methylsubstituenten, während bei der 1 -Äthyl-8-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo- 1, 4-dihydrochinolin-3-carbonsäure (4) mit dem gleichen Pilz nur eine Phenolätherspaltung eintritt. 1-Äthyl-4-oxo-l,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[g]chinolin-3-carbonsäure (6) wird von Penicillium adametzi in 7- und 8-, von Streptomyces achromogenes in 7-(oder 8-) und 6- sowie von Spororrichum sulfurescens in 6-Stellung hydroxyliert. 5-Äthyl-8-oxo-2,3,5,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-g]-chinolin-7-carbonsäure (10) zeigt nur eine hydrolytische Spaltung des Dihydrofuranringes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19731060827
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobiologische Umwandlungen nichtsteroider Strukturen, III.I. und II. Mitteil.: H. Kosmol, K. Kieslich und H. Gihian, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 711, 38 bzw. 42 (1968). Hydroxylierung von 5-Alkyl-2-(benzolsulfonylamino)pyrimidinen und strukturverwandten Antidiabetika (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 1290-1302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbiological Transformations of Nonsteroidal Structures, III. Hydroxylation of 5-Alkyl-2-(benzenesulfonylamino)pyrimidines and Structurally Related Antidiabetics5-Alkyl-2-(arylsulfonylamino)pyrimidines (1-5 and 11-16) have been hydroxylated microbiologically Propyl, butyl, and isobutyl groups were hydroxylated at C-2, ethyl groups at C-1, isopropyl groups at C-1 and C-2, and neopentyl groups at C-3, respectively, by Streptomyces griseolus. The sulfonylurea part of the antidiabetics glibenclamid (25) and glisoxepid (29) was degradated to sulfonamide; in addition, hydroxyl groups were introduced into the 2- and 4-positions of the cyclohexane ring of 25.
    Notes: 5-Alkyl-2-(arylsulfonylamino)pyrimidine (1-5 und 11-16) wurden mikrobiologisch hydroxyliert. Mit Streptomyces griseolus wurden Propyl-, Butyl- und lsobutylgruppen an C-2, äthylgruppen an C-1, Isopropylgruppen an C-1 und C-2, sowie Neopentylgruppen an C-3 hydroxyliert. Die Antidiabetika Glibenclamid (25) und Glisoxepid (29) mit Sulfonylharnstoff-Struktur wurden zu Sulfonamiden abgebaut, ferner wurden in 2- und 4-Stellung des Cyclohexanrings von 25 Hydroxylgruppen eingeführt.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19731060426
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical reaction analysis, Eugene E. Peterson, Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey (1963). 276 $12.50 (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 770-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic viscosity of native and single-stranded T7 DNA and its relationship to sedimentation coefficient (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 765-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intrinsic viscosity and sedimentation coefficient, of native and single-stranded T7 DNA have been determined at 25°C as a function of ionic strength in neutral and alkaline NaCl. The relationship between [η] and S020,w is well represented by the Mandelkern-Flory equation over the entire range of conditions between 0.0013 and 1M Na+. An apparent discrepancy between the two methods at moderate to high ionic strengths is probably due to a change in V with ionic strength. It appears that [η] is a more sensitive and reliable measure of molecular expansion for native DNA, S020,w but is a better index of conformational change in single strands, since [η] becomes too small to measure conveniently at high ionic strengths. At moderate to high ionic strengths, denaturation leads to a decrease in [η], although unfolded single strands retain considerable viscosity. At sufficiently low ionic strength, the intrinsic viscosity of the single strands becomes higher than that of native DNA, and the effective volume of a single strand approaches that of the native molecule.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1969.360070511
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature of charge carriers in solvated biomacromolecules: DNA and water (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1403-1406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1970.360091109
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posteffekt bei der Radiolyse von PolystyrolAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf dem Symposium über die Verwendung großer Strahlenquellen und von Beschleunigern in industriellen Prozessen der Internationalen Atomenergie-Organisation vom 18. bis 22. August 1969 in München. (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1970), S. 185-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In polystyrene the major part of crosslinks is produced during irradiation in a “hot reaction”. 10% of the crosslinks are formed in a postreaction.A kinetic analysis of the experimental data showed the latter reaction to be first order. At larger storage times especially at higher temperatures the initial increase of crosslinks is followed by a decrease. This can only be explained if the crosslinks are formed during dissolution.We assume, that the posteffect is due to trapped cyclohexadienyl- and benzylradicals. The first order kinetics is ascribed to a transformation of cyclohexadienyl- to benzylradicals. By dissolution of the polymer after increasing storage time the reaction of cyclohexadienylradicals with benzylradicals, which leads predominantly to disproportionation, is replaced by recombination of two benzylradicals forming crosslinks. At higher temperatures and long storage times also benzylradicals must dissapear in the solid polymer by reactions not forming crosslinks.Additives like Anthracene and Naphthochinon suppress the posteffect.Based on the experimental results a reaction mechanism for the formation of crosslinks during irradiation and in the postreaction is proposed.
    Notes: Der Hauptteil der im Polystyrol radiolytisch erzeugten Kettenvernetzungen entsteht während der Bestrahlung im festen Polymeren. Es konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, daß nach Bestrahlungsende das Reaktionsgeschehen noch nicht absgeschlossen ist, sondern eine Postreaktion stattfindet, über die etwa 10% der Vernetzungen gebildet werden.Die kinetische Analyse unserer Ergebnisse ergab, daß es sich hierbei um die Aufeinanderfolge zweier Teilreaktionen handelt, deren erste, zu Vernetzungen führende, dem Reaktionsgesetz erster Ordnung gehorcht. Dabei muß angenommen werden, daß die Vernetzungen der Postreaktion erst bei der Quellung des bestrahlten Polymeren im Lösungsmittel entstehen.Das Reaktionsgeschehen wird so gedeutet, daß in der ersten Teilreaktion eine Umwandlung von Cyclohexadienylradikalen in Benzylradikale erfolgt, für die bei der Quellung die Möglichkeit der Vernetzungsbildung besteht. Im Falle höherer Lagerzeiten und beim übergang zu höherer Temperatur muß für diese Benzylradikale jedoch eine nicht zu Vernetzungen führende Konkurrenzreaktion existieren. Als solche wird Doppelbindungsbildung in Betracht gezogen.Durch die Additive Anthracen und Naphthochinon wird die Postreaktion bei der angewandten Dosis unterdrückt. Dies führen wir zurück auf das Quenchen von angeregten Zuständen bzw. das Abfangen von Radikalen, insbesondere von thermischen H-Atomen.Gestützt auf die experimentellen Ergebnisse wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus für die Ausbildung von Kettenvernetzungen während der Bestrahlung und im Posteffekt gegeben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1970.050120115
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die graphische Darstellung des Verdampfungsgleichgewichtes idealer ternärer Systeme (1954)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 26 (1954), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In der Literatur werden mit Destillationslinien zwei verschiedene Arten von Linien bezeichnet, durch welche das Verdampfungsgleichgewicht dargestellt werden kann. Für beide Kurvenarten werden Gleichungen angegeben und die Besonderheiten diskutiert, die sich für solche ideale Systeme ergeben, bei denen die Quotienten aus den Dampfdrucken der Komponenten im betrachteten Gebiet als temperaturunabhängig angesehen werden können.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330260605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partielle Synthese des Kamphers und über die Constitution der Kamphersäure und des Kampherphorons (1896)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 289 (1896), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18962890102
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