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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 16 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 16 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Cerebroside-sulphatase, arylsulphatase A and B and acid phosphatase activities were determined in renal cortex, liver, and cerebral white matter, obtained at autopsy from seven patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (ML) and nine controls. It was shown that both arylsulphatase A and cerebroside-sulphatase activity were reduced to the limit of detection (1–6 per cent of that of the controls) in all ML-tissues.The quantitative evaluation of the sulphatide level in ML-demyelinated cerebral white matter and in kidney showed that there was no relationship between the amount of accumulated sulphatide and the duration of illness or the age at death (up to the age of 20). If there should exist any relationship between the sulphatide level and residual enzyme activity, then this residual activity must be beyond the sensitivity of the enzymic assay.This point, and the detailed sequence of the pathological events in brain leading from a deficient cerebroside-sulphatase activity to a pronounced demyelinating disease, sparing grey matter, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In autopsy tissues of 12 cases of Tay-Sachs disease the N-acetyl-β-hexosamini-dase A and B activities were investigated using chromogenic and physiological substrates.In three cases of Tay-Sachs disease, classified as the variant O, the enzyme activities A and B were missing; in eight cases, classified as the variant B, the enzyme activity A was missing. In another case, both enzyme activities wcre shown to be enhanced in brain tissue (‘variant AB’), using a chromogenic substrate.The three enzymic variants showed different glycolipid storage patterns of Tay-Sachs-ganglioside (TSG) and its asialo residue, the trihexosylceramide (THC) in the nervous tissues. Additional storage of kidney globosidc was found in the visceral tissues of the O variant. A decrease of the non-accumulated lipids, especially of those characteristic for myelin, was observed. The quantitative lipid determinations were performed by means of a thin-layer densitometric micromethod (standard deviation 2–5 per cent).Evidence is presented that the different storage patterns result from the corresponding enzyme alterations in the three variants. An essential condition for this statement was the isolation of the storage compounds from Tay-Sachs tissues and their radioactive labelling by the addition of tritium to the double bond in their sphingosine moiety. In a previous investigation it was shown that enzyme A degrades the storage compounds TSG, THC and kidney globoside while enzyme B acts on THC and kidney globoside only. In agreement with this finding, a highly concentrated mixture of both enzymes from normal tissues hydrolyses the main storage compound, the Tay-Sachs-ganglioside. This hydrolysis was reduced when corresponding enzyme preparations from tissues of variants of Tay-Sachs disease (including variant AB) acted on TaySachs ganglioside.Some properties of the N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidases from normal and from pathological tissues were determined with chromogenic and physiological substrates. The relationship between the enzymes A and B is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The arylsulphatase A and B patterns of human tissues and leucocytes have been established by isoelectric focussing. Assay conditions, which enable an evaluation of these patterns as quantitatively as possible, have been studied. The dependences of the enzyme patterns on the origin of the tissues and on the storage conditions have been determined. The arylsulphatase A obtained by isoelectric focussing exhibits cerebroside sulphatase activity in the presence of detergents. A purified preparation of the arylsulphatase B likewise shows a significant, although low, cerebroside sulphatase activity. In cases of the conventional types of metachromatic leucodystrophy the arylsulphatase A activity is missing, while in an atypical form of this disease (‘ML Variant’ according to Austinet al. (1965) the arylsulphatase A, B and C activities are deficient. In both forms, however, residual activities of the deficient enzymes could be detected which showed isoelectric points identical to those of the normal enzymes.The following nomenclature is proposed: ‘Variant B’ for the conventional type, in which the arylsulphatase B activity is present, and ‘Variant O’ for the exceptional cases, in which all arylsulphatase activities are deficient. The significance of the cerebroside sulphatase activity of arylsulphatase B for a possible residual turnover of cerebroside sulphates in the conventional type of the disease is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 56 (1969), S. 356-362 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 13 (1969), S. 157-168 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gangliosides ; Tay-Sachs Disease ; Brain Subcellular Localization ; Hale Stain ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion von kolloidalem Eisen mit Sialomucinen (Hale stain) wurde zur elektronenmikroskopischen Darstellung der neuraminsäurehaltigen Ganglioside in den subcellulären Fraktionen des Gehirns angewandt. Zunächst wurde mit Hilfe tritiummarkierter Ganglioside überprüft, ob bei der Gewinnung subzellulärer Fraktionen Ganglioside nicht unspezifisch subcellulär adsorbiert werden. Eine nennenswerte Adsorption konnte ausgeschlossen werden. Das Verfahren wurde zuerst auf die aus Meerschweinchengehirnen isolierten Fraktionen angewandt. Da Nervenendigungen, Mitochondrien und Synapsenbläschen Hale-positiv reagierten, dienten Enzyminkubationen mit Neuraminidase und Hyaluronidase zur Differenzierung von anderen Hale-positiven sauren Substanzen. Schließlich wurde die Methode auf die cytoplasmatischen multilamellären Körperchen (MCB) übertragen, die aus Gehirnen an Tay-Sachs'scher Krankheit Verstorbener isoliert wurden. Aus den Versuchen konnte abgeleitet werden, a) daß die Hale-Färbung auch Ganglioside anfärbt, b) daß Ganglioside auf der Oberfläche der Membran von den multilamellären Körperchen und mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auch auf der Membran der Nervenendigungen lokalisiert sind, c) daß die Synapsenbläschen eine positive Reaktion ergeben, die jedoch nicht mit Sicherheit auf vorhandene Ganglioside zurückgeführt werden kann, d) daß die äußere Mitochondrienmembran Hale-positive Substanzen enthält, deren Natur unbekannt ist.
    Notes: Summary The reaction of colloidal ferric oxide with sialomucins (Hale stain) was applied to sialic acid-containing gangliosides in subcellular fractions of the brain, in order to investigate their localization by electron microscopy. Prior to all experiments, a check was made, by means of tritium-labeled ganglioside, to confirm that the ganglioside content in the subcellular particles was not the result of an unspecific adsorption during the isolating procedure. No considerable unspecific adsorption could be registered. Hale stain was first applied to subcellular fractions obtained from guinea-pig brains. Since nerve-endings, mitochondria and synaptic vesicles gave a positive staining reaction, incubations with neuraminidase and hyaluronidase were carried out in order to achieve a differentiation. Finally, the method was applied to the membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) which were isolated from the brain of a patient with Tay-Sachs disease. It was concluded that: a) Hale stain stains gangliosides also, b) gangliosides are localized in the membrane of membranous cytoplasmic bodies and also very probably in the membrane of nerve-endings, c) synaptic vesicles give a Hale-positive reaction which cannot with certainty be attributed to gangliosides, d) the outer membrane of mitochondria contains Hale-positive substances, the nature of which is not known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Demyelination ; Schilder's disease ; Multiple sclerosis ; Encephalitis ; Tay-Sachs Disease ; Cerebrosides ; Sulphatides ; Amount ; Degrading Enzyme Activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Demyelinated areas due to different (nonstorage) diseases (Schilder's disease, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis) and to Tay-Sachs disease (gangliosidosis) exhibited differences in the degradation level of myelinspecific cerebrosides (galactosyl ceramides) compared to that of sulphatides (cerebroside-3-sulphates) as shown by quantitative densitometric thin-layer chromatography. The ratio of the amount of cerebrosides: sulphatides decreased in the order: normal controls 〉 demyelination due to non-storage diseases 〉 demyelination due to Tay-Sachs disease. 2. Demyelinated areas in non-storage diseases had higher sulphatide-degrading enzyme activities than controls, whereas Tay-Sachs brains had higher cerebroside-degrading enzyme activities. 3. Accordingly, both types of demyelinating processes as well as normal brain tissue showed cerebroside degrading: sulphatide degrading enzyme (arylsulphatase A) activity ratios which were specific for each of these three groups. 4. Both types of demyelinating processes as well as normal brain tissue showed lesser pronounced group specific ratios of the amount of cerebroside: sulphatide. 5. The correlation between the substrate (cerebroside and sulphatide) levels and the degrading enzyme activities was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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