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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic filaments and morphogenesis: Effects of cytochalasin B on contractile epidermal cells (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 167-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microfilaments ; Contractility ; Morphogenesis ; Ascidians ; Cytochalasin B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary During tail resorption in Distaplia occidentalis the caudal epidermis contracts to 8.5% of its initial length in about 6 minutes and forces the axial complex (muscle, notochord and nerve cord) into a coiled configuration in the trunk. The contraction of the caudal epidermal cells is accompanied by rapid alignment of arrays of circa 50 Å (diameter) filaments parallel to the axis of contraction in the apical cytoplasm of each epidermal cell. Normal metamorphosis (including tail resorption) can be instantly induced by treating tadpole larvae with 0.5% dimethylsulfoxide. Cytochalasin B, (CCB) 〉 0.25 μg/ml rapidly inhibits contraction of the caudal epidermis. The tail stops shortening, then partly re-extends. When CCB is removed by washing immediately after relaxation, tail resorption resumes. Cytochalasin B reversibly disrupts the organization of central and subterminal arrays of apical filaments in the contractile caudal epidermal cells. Membrane associated filaments near the junctional complexes are not disrupted by 0.25–1.0 μg/ml of CCB. This suggests that CCB does not degrade the filaments into subunits. It is more likely that CCB blocks contraction by disrupting the binding forces between overlapping filaments and facilitates the disorganization of unattached filaments. A second type of filament with a fusiform configuration has been detected in the epidermal cells after CCB treatment. The possibility that these are myosinoid proteins is considered. The data presented in this paper strengthen the hypothesis that the filaments in the epidermal cells are part of a contractile apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcellular emigration of blood cells during ascidian metamorphosis (1970)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 107 (1970), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ascidians ; Metamorphosis ; Blood cells ; Epidermis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the first 10 minutes after the onset of metamorphosis in the ascidian Amaroucium constellatum there is a massive emigration of blood cells (granulocytes) from the hemocoel, across the epidermis, into the tunic. Electron microscopy has been employed to extend some of the classical observations of the last century. The new findings are compatible with the hypothesis that the blood cells follow a transcellular pathway. Our interpretation is as follows: an emigrating cell enters the basal part of an epidermal cell and becomes enclosed within a vacuole. The vacuole and the blood cell move to the apex of the epidermal cell. The vacuole fuses with the plasmalemma releasing the blood cell into the tunic. Blood cells can therefore pass through the epidermis without leaving a hole and without rupturing intercellular junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335222
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of morphogenesis mediated by dynamic microvilli: Chaetogenesis in Nereis vexillosa (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Setae ; Polychaeta ; Microvilli ; Morphogenesis ; Chaetogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pattern of morphogenesis of the chitinous compound (jointed) setae of the larvae of polychaete Nereis vexillosa Grube was deduced from electron-microscopic analyses of many stages of secretion. Each seta is secreted over a period of three days within an epidermal follicle consisting of several lateral cells and a basal cell (chaetoblast). The configuration of the apical surface of the chaetoblast changes continuously during secretion. Secreted setal material is polymerized into longitudinally oriented setal filaments, probably by enzymes located on the surfaces of microvilli of the chaetoblast. As a result of this process the setae lengthen by basal appositional growth. We infer that the precise size and shape of each complex seta (a characteristic of the species and the age of the worm) is controlled by sequential modulations of the number, size, shape, arrangement and orientation of the microvilli of the chaetoblast. Each seta embodies a cryptic record of the activities of the chaetoblast on which it formed. The genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in chaetogenesis are problematic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222219
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cephalopod integument: The ultrastructure of Kölliker's organs and their relationship to setae (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 293-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Integument ; Octopus ; Setae ; Secretion ; Microvilli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kölliker's tufts are transient epidermal bristles found on the external surfaces of late embryonic and juvenile octopods. The structure and growth of Kölliker's tuft is remarkably similar to that of polychaete setae. Each tuft is a fasicle of approximately 1500 distally tapered cannular rodlets located in an epidermal follicle composed of several lateral follicular cells and a single basal chaetoblast. The base of the follicle is associated with obliquely striated dermal muscle fibers. Together these elements comprise Kölliker's organ. The rodlets, composed of longitudinally oriented filaments, are separated basally from one another by a layered meshwork of interstitial filaments. Microvilli on the apical concave surface of the scyphate chaetoblast insert into the base of each rodlet. We infer that the tuft elongates by basal appositional growth and that glycoprotein secreted by the follicle cells is organized into filaments by the apical plasmalemma of the chaetoblast. Each microvillus serves as a template for the formation of a rodlet, therefore the number, size, shape, distribution and dynamic activity of the microvilli determine the morphology of the tuft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224540
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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