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  • 1970-1974  (41)
  • 1940-1944
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (38)
  • Heart  (2)
  • Brain Catecholamines  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental hypertension of the rat: Reciprocal changes of norepinephrine turnover in heart and brain-stem (1971)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 268 (1971), S. 125-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Experimental Hypertension ; Norepmephrine Turnover ; Heart ; Hypothalamus ; Medulla Oblongata ; Chlorisondamine ; DOCA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In experimental hypertensive rats (DOCA-implantation, 1% saline as drinking-water, encapsulation of the left kidney), the norepinephrine turnover in peripheral sympathetically innervated organs and the central nervous system was determined either by the decay in endogenous norepinephrine after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase or by the ecayd in the specific norepinephrine activity after intravenous or intraventricular administration of3H-norepinephrine. In the heart, the norepinephrine turnover was accelerated in proportion to the rise in blood pressure. In hypothalamus and medulla oblongata, the turnover was delayed reciprocally to the acceleration in the heart. No changes were seen in the residual parts of the brain. Administration of chlorisondamine, a quaternary ganglionic blocking agent which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, resulted in a normalization of the increased cardiac norepinephrine turnover, whereas the changes in the brain persisted. Implantation of DOCA alone produced neither a rise in blood pressure nor changes in norepinephrine turnover. The results presented are compatible with the hypothesis that, in this form of experimental hypertension, the delay in norepinephrine turnover in the brain-stem is causally related to the increased activity of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020067
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetically hypertensive rats: Relationship between the development of hypertension and the changes in norepinephrine turnover of peripheral and central adrenergic neurons (1971)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 271 (1971), S. 157-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Spontaneous Hypertension ; Norepinephrine Turnover ; Heart ; Salivary Gland ; Brain Stem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In genetically hypertensive rats, the norepinephrine turnover of peripheral and central adrenergic neurons was determined either by the decline in endogenous norepinephrine after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase or by the decay in the specific activity of norepinephrine after labelling the stores by intravenous or intraventricular injection of3H-norepinephrine. In the periphery (heart and submaxillary gland), the norepinephrine turnover of genetically hypertensive rats was reduced in proportion to the rise in systolic blood pressure. In the hypothalamus, medulla-pons and the residual parts of the brain, the turnover was unchanged both in the prehypertensive and the hypertensive state. The results indicate that the central adrenergic neurons, involved in the control of blood pressure, may act independently from the activity of peripheral baroreceptors. The elevated blood pressure resulting from an enhanced peripheral vascular reactivity to the physiological neurotransmitter norepinephrine may induce a compensatory inhibition of the activity of the peripheral adrenergic neurons. In the genetically hypertensive rats, neither the peripheral nor the central adrenergic nervous system seems to play a primary role in the development of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00998577
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of 6-hydroxydopamine on the effect of morphine on the tail-flick latency (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 31 (1973), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine-6-Hydroxydopamine ; Analgesia ; Brain Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One week following the intraventricular administration on successive days of two doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (0.1–1 mg/kg) to rats, the norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) contents in the brain were markedly decreased. These treatments potentiated the effect of morphine on the tail-flick latency after intraperitoneal or intraventricular administration of morphine. The intraventricular administration of two doses of 6-OHDA (0.5 mg/ kg) did not change the morphine concentrations in brain or plasma, or the duration of pentobarbital anesthesia. After 6-OHDA (total=20 Μg) had been injected bilaterally into the medial hypothalamic areas at the level of the ventromedial or dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, or into the medial forebrain bundle, morphine analgesia was also potentiated and there was marked reduction of the hypothalamic NE levels. The administration of high doses (2 mg/kg) of 6-OHDA into the lateral ventricles decreased the enhanced morphine analgesia and markedly depleted the brain NE and dopamine concentrations. The administration bilaterally of 6-OHDA (total=20 Μg) into caudatus-putamen areas reduced morphine analgesia. In conclusion, 6-OHDA induced depletion of NE content in the hypothalamus potentiates morphine analgesia, whereas depletion of DA in the caudate nucleus decreases morphine analgesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419817
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulose graft copolymers. II. Graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ-irradiated cellulose from acetone-water systems (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 789-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethyl acrylate was graft-copolymerized from acetone-water systems with γ-irradiated, purified cotton cellulose. The scavenging of the free radicals in the irradiated cellulose by water, acetone, and water-acetone systems was determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The ESR spectra of free radicals, scavenged by water and acetone, were recorded by the use of a time-averaging computer attached to the ESR spectrometer, in which the ESR spectrum of the irradiated cellulose, which had been immersed in water and/or acetone, was electronically subtracted from the ESR spectrum of the irradiated cellulose control. For both water and acetone, the ESR spectra of the scavenged free radicals were singlets. This indicated that free radical sites formed on carbon C1 or C4 on radiation-initiated depolymerization, which would generate singlet ESR spectra, were readily accessible to these solvents. The maximum scavenging of the radicals was observed when irradiated cellulose was immersed in acetone-water solution which had a composition of 25/75 vol-%. The scavenging of the free radicals in irradiated cellulose when immersed in acetone-water solutions was less than when immersed in methanol-water solutions. Also, the extent of graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate from acetone solutions with irradiated cellulose was less than that of ethyl acrylate from methanol solutions. These differences were probably due to differences in the diffusion rates of acetone and methanol into the cellulosie structure. The Trommsdorff-type effect in the acetone solutions would be less than in the methanol solutions, since acetone is a better solvent for poly(ethyl acrylate) than methanol.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070140322
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow properties of aqueous solution of methylcellulose (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3439-3456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Flow properties of aqueous solution of methylcellulose, especially nonlinear viscoelasticity, were investigated. The peculiar flow properties of the aqueous solution of methylcellulose were compared with the existing theories of non-Newtonian viscosity of concentrated polymer solutions and the experimental results obtained for the aqueous solution of sodium alginate which behaves as polyelectrolyte in solution. The characteristic time for the formation of entanglement couplings between molecular chains was mainly examined. To investigate the elastic behavior under steady-shear flow, normal stress difference was measured with a coaxial cylinder apparatus, and extinction angles were determined with a flow birefringence apparatus. The values of normal stress difference obtained by the mechanical and the optical methods coincided with each other. For the aqueous solution of methylcellulose as reported for solutions of nonpolar polymers, the relation between normal stress difference and shear stress was represented by a single curve irrespective of temperature and concentration. Non-Hooken behavior was observed for the relation between recoverable shear and shear stress and attributed to the strong intermolecular interactions and the stretching-out effect of structural networks.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070171115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of formaldehyde in poly(vinylformal) by the chromotropic acid method (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 149 (1971), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1971.021490123
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and the electrostriction constant of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 161-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new device for measuring the electrostriction constant of polymer films is described. Observed values for various polymers except poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(methyl methacrylate) agree well with those calculated from the Clausius-Mosotti equation. Elongational piezoelectricity, the pyroelectric current, and the electrostriction constant are measured for undrawn and roll-drawn poly(vinylidene fluoride) films. The piezoelectricity and pyroelectric current are attributed to space charges antisymmetrically distributed along thickness direction of the film for two reasons: (1) the polarity coincides between these two phenomena for all specimens, and (2) the piezoelectricity and the electrostriction constant have the same anisotropy for drawn films. Similarity of signs between piezoelectricity and pyroelectric current is observed also in poly(vinyl chloride) films. The electrical behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride) is interpreted in terms of the ferroelectric nature of the β-form crystal.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.160090111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graphical representation of the state of orientation of polymer systemsPresented at the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society of Polymer Science, Japan, Tokyo, May 22, 1970. (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 407-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The orientation distribution function for noncrystalline structural units in polymer systems cannot be determined completely from any experimental source; only the second and/or fourth moments of the distribution function, i.e., the second and/or fourth orders of the generalized orientation factors Flmj, can be evaluated. It is there-fore necessary to estimate the distribution function from F2mj and F4mj. In this paper, a graphical representation of the state of orientation is first discussed in terms of plots of F40j against F20j for several types of distribution functions for uniaxial orientation. These are three types of extreme concentration of the distribution at particular polar angles θ0 given by θ0 = 0, 0〈θ0〈π/2, and θ0 = π/2; five types of rather realistic distributions having single maxima at θj = 0, θ0, π/2 and double maxima at θj = 0, π/2, and a single minimum at θj = θ0; and four types of more realistic distributions including Kratky's floating rod model in an affine matrix. Second, estimation of the distribution function for uniaxial orientation from F40j and F20j is discussed quantitatively in terms of the mean-square error by three approximation methods: (a) expansion of the distribution function in finite series of spherical harmonics through the fourth order, (b) approximation of the distribution function as a composite of two components, random orientation and a particular orientation distribution given by Na (cos2θj)a, Na being a constant, and (c) approximation of the distribution function by Na (cos2θj)a alone. It is concluded that when the orientation distribution is sharp, estimation by the second method of approximation gives a smaller error than the first.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.160090302
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The heterogeneous formalization of poly(vinyl alcohol) accompanying crosslinking reaction - I (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 24 (1972), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß des Lösungsmittels und der Art des Polyvinylalkohols (PVA) auf die durch heterogene Formalisierung entstehende Vernetzung des PVA wurde untersucht. Die Vernetzungsreaktion wird zurückgehalten, wenn man PVA-Film in methanol-, äthanol- oder propanolhaltigen Lösungen formalisiert, während es in acetonhaltiger Lösung zur Vernetzung kommt. Die Vernetzungsreaktion erfolgt leichter in stärker syndiotaktischem PVA als in ataktischem PVA (handelsüblichem PVA).
    Notes: The effect of the solvents of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) species on the crosslinking reaction accompanying in the heterogeneous formalization of PVA was studied. The crosslinking reaction was prevented when PVA film was allowed to react with formaldehyde in the solution containing methanol, ethanol or propanol, whereas it occurred in the solution containing acetone. The crosslinking reaction occurred more easily in syndiotacticity-rich PVA than in atactic PVA (commercial PVA).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1972.050240106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic copolymerization of cyclopentadiene with 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether and some properties of the copolymer (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 27 (1972), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kationische Copolymerisationen von Cyclopentadien und 2-Chloräthylvinyläther wurden bei -78°C mit Borfluoridätherat als Initiator durchgeführt. Toluol, Methylenchlorid und Nitroäthan wurden als Lösungsmittel verwandt. Die Copolymerisationsparameter wurden für jedes Lösungsmittel bestimmt, und dabei wurde ein Einfluß des Lösungsmittels auf die Copolymerisation beobachtet, d. h. Cyclopentadien war in den polareren Lösungsmitteln reaktiver. Dieser Lösungsmitteleinfluß konnte mit den Unterschieden in der Nucleophilität und der Stabilität der Carboniumionen interpretiert werden.Die Copolymeren konnten mit Schwefel vernetzt werden; einige physikalische Eigenschaften der Polymeren und der Vulkanisate wurden untersucht.
    Notes: Cationic copolymerizations of cyclopentadiene with 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether were carried out at -78°C using boron trifluoride etherate as a catalyst. Toluene, methylene chloride, and nitroethane were used as polymerization solvents. In each solvent the monomer reactiviety ratios were determined and a solvent effect on the copolymerization was observed, i. e., cyclopentadiene was more reactive in the polar solvents, but less in toluene. This solvent effect could be interpreted based on the differences of monomer nucleophilicities and of stabilities of the two carbonium ions.The copolymers were able to be cured with sulfur and some physical properties of polymers and of their vulcanizates were investigated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1972.050270114
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