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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 125 (1925), S. 403-406 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Calcium Oxalate Crystals ; Toxic Changes of Brain Vessels ; Toxic Meningoencephalitis ; Oxalate Metabolism ; Xylitol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within a short period of time, we observed 6 cases with the appearance of calcium oxalate crystals in the renal tubuli and in the walls of cerebral arterioles. Reviewing the case histories showed that all of these patients had received large doses of xylitol and had shown subsequently disorders of consciousness. A possible deposition of oxalate crystals following high-dose-therapy with xylitol is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 20 (1928), S. 115-122 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 20 (1972), S. 171-173 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain Tumors ; Mitoses, Atypical ; Medulloblastoma ; Glioblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Disturbed mitoses are classified in slices of 40 medulloblastomas and 10 glioblastomas and their frequency related to all mitotic processes are determined. In medulloblastomas atypical mitoses are to be found significantly more frequently than in glioblastomas. The distribution pattern of several characteristic abnormalities of the mitotic process exhibit a striking resemblance in both kinds of tumor. It is assumed that these disturbances are produced by necrobiotic injury. Moreover, the authors found directions to a mitotic course of the same kind in these both growths, by which they are distinguished from mesenchymal tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 23 (1970), S. 1-29 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A statistical investigation revealed a significant parallelism between histological criteria of malignancy and the clinical characteristics (early symptoms, history, clinical findings, overall duration of illness). This finding applied equally to the series of astrocytomas and to oligodendrogliomas. In the average age of the patients, in the sex distribution and in the tumour sites, the glioblastomas are definitely separated from the other gliomas. Moreover it is possible to establish specific differences in the early history of the astrocytomas and the oligodendrogliomas.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer statistischen Untersuchung ließ sich eine Parallelität von histologischen Malignitätskriterien und klinischen Charakteristika (Frühsymptomatik, Anamnese, Katamnese, Gesamtkrankheitsdauer) mit genügender Signifikanz nachweisen, und zwar sowohl für die Reihe der Astrozytome als auch für die der Oligodendrogliome. Im mittleren Erkrankungsalter, in der Geschlechtsrelation und im Tumorsitz weichen die Glioblastome deutlich von den übrigen Gliomen ab. Andererseits können gewisse Differenzen in der Vorgeschichte der Astrozytome und Oligodendrogliome festgestellt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 28 (1973), S. 341-351 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the neighbourhood of brain tumours there is a reduction in the specific gravity of the white matter. On section, the tissue shows a x 1.6 increase in volume from the presence of a transudate whose protein content, on the basis of its calculated specific gravity, is almost the same as that of normal c.s.f. Only a quantitative difference separates the peritumoral cerebral oedema and that of brain swelling. In both conditions the specific gravity of the affected tissue is lower than that of non-oedematous brain. The degree of the water uptake of the tissue which is manifest is thus independant of the state of the underlying tumour.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Umgebung von Tumoren kommt es zu einer Verminderung des spezifischen Gewichts der weißen Substanz. Das Gewebe zeigt im Durchschnitt eine 1,6fache Volumenvermehrung durch Aufnahme eines Transsudats, dessen Eiweißgehalt aufgrund des errechneten spezifischen Gewichts dem des normalen Liquors gleichkommt. Zwischen peritumoralem Hirnödem und der Hirnschwellung besteht ein nur quantitativer Unterschied. Bei beiden Zuständen ist das spezifische Gewicht gegenüber dem des nichtödematösen Hirns vermindert. Der Grad der so nachweisbaren Einwässerung des Gewebes ist dabei unabhängig von der Dignität des zugrunde liegenden Tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 195-200 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Spironolactone ; canrenone ; canrenoate ; cardiac failure ; cirrhosis ; aldosterone antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of canrenone and canrenoate were measured in 43 patients treated with spironolactone 50–400 mg/day, and in one patient treated with canrenoate-K 3×200 mg/day. The cumulation of canrenone and canrenoate was followed in 9 patients recovering from myocardial infarction, without congestive heart failure or cirrhosis, who received spironolactone 2×100 mg/day. The cumulation half-life was 1–4 days, which may partly explain the delayed clinical action of spironolactone. The plasma elimination half-life of canrenone and canrenoate in six of these patients lay between 13.5 and 24 h. After 10 doses it was unchanged in three patients and had decreased only slightly in three others. Steady state minimum plasma levels of canrenone and canrenoate were measured in 33 patients with congestive heart failure or cirrhosis who received spironolactone 50–400 mg/day for at least three weeks. There was up to 15 fold inter-individual variation in the plasma levels of canrenone amongst those receiving spironolactone 200 mg/day. No statistically significant correlation was found between steady state levels of canrenone and plasma creatinine or the results of bromsulphalein liver function tests. In one patient with severe congestive heart failure given canrenoate-K 3×200 mg/day, cumulation of canrenone and canrenoate occurred for seven days, followed by a gradual decline in their plasma levels until the eleventh day of therapy. A loading dose is recommended for initiation of spironolactone therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Dopamin ; Orciprenalin ; regional blood flow ; renal function ; medullary blood flow ; Dopamin ; Orciprenalin ; Nierendurchblutung ; Muskeldurchblutung ; Nierenfunktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die unter Dopamin und Orciprenalin nachzuweisende Steigerung des Herzzeitvolumens ist von einer unterschiedlichen Verteilung des gesteigerten Flusses begleitet: Dopamin führt zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der Nierendurchblutung mit wahrscheinlich stärkerer Erhöhung der Nierenmarkdurchblutung. Die Muskeldurchblutung nimmt unter Dopamin dosisabhängig ab. Orciprenalin führt umgekehrt zu einer Mehrdurchblutung der Muskulatur und relativen Abnahme der Nierendurchblutung. Die renale Natriumausscheidung ist unter Dopamin beträchtlich, der Urinfluß und die Kaliumausscheidung deutlich gesteigert, während Orciprenalin die renale Wasser- und Elektrolytausscheidung nicht beeinflußt. Die Frage nach der physiologischen Bedeutung von Dopamin in der Regulation der Nierendurchblutung und renalen Elektrolytausscheidung — möglicherweise als antagonistisches Prinzip zu Angiotensin — wird diskutiert. Darüber hinaus läßt sich für Dopamin auf Grund seiner von Orciprenalin unterschiedlichen Beeinflussung der genannten Teilkreisläufe und seiner spezifisch renalen Wirkung eine therapeutische Bedeutung für die Behandlung akuter, schwerer Herzinsuffizienzen sowie einiger Schockformen ableiten.
    Notes: Summary The increase of cardiac output resulting from Dopamin and Orciprenalin is accompanied by a differentiated distribution of the increased flow. Dopamin induces a distinct increase of the renal blood flow with a probably stronger rise of the medullary bloodflow, while depending on the doses given the flow though skeletal muscle decreases. Orciprenalin, on the contrary, leads to an increased blood flow to the limbs and to a relative decrease of the renal blood flow. With dopamin the sodium excretions considerably enhanced, the urine flow and potassium excretion increases distinctly, whereas Orciprenalin does not affect renal electrolyte and water output. The question of the physiological importance of dopamin for the regulation of renal blood flow and renal sodium excretion—perhaps in antagonism to angiotensin—is discussed. The therapeutic value of dopamin in the treatment of acute, severe heart failure is suggested. This is due to its influence on the regional flows as stated above and its specific renal effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Dopamine ; congestive heart failure ; hemodynamics ; renal blood flow ; arterial pO2 ; Dopamin ; Herzinsuffizienz ; Hämodynamik ; Nierenfunktion ; Nierendurchblutung ; arterieller Sauerstoffdruck
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 8 Patienten mit schwerer ausgeprägter Herzinsuffizienz wurde der Einfluß von Dopamin in Dosierungen zwischen 90 und 350 µg/min auf Hämodynamik, Nierendurchblutung und Nierenfunktion untersucht. Wie beim Gesunden führt Dopamin dosisabhängig zu einer deutlichen Steigerung des Herzzeitvolumens bei gleichbleibendem arteriellen Druck. Allerdings führen Dopamindosen über 175 µg/min am insuffizienten Ventrikel zu einer Frequenzsteigerung und zu einer Zunahme des enddiastolischen linken Ventrikeldruckes. Bereits unter Dopamindosierungen bis 175 µg/min steigt die Nierendurchblutung weit über das Ausmaß der Systemflußsteigerung an. Ausgeprägte Natriurese und Erhöhung des Harnflusses sowie Anstieg des Natrium-Kalium-Quotienten im Urin sind regelmäßig nachweisbar. Dopamin führt dosisabhängig zu einem Abfall des arteriellen Sauerstoffdruckes, wahrscheinlich durch eine erhöhte venöse Beimischung in der Lungenstrombahn. Dopamin sollte auf Grund seiner spezifischen, von anderen Katecholaminen abweichenden Eigenschaften bei der Behandlung von Schockformen mit primär erniedrigtem Herzzeitvolumen, für die keine Indikation zur Volumengabe besteht, eingesetzt werden. Herzzeitvolumensteigerung ohne Frequenzanstieg, maximale Steigerung der Nierendurchblutung und Natriurese werden bereits unter 175 µg/min beobachtet, Dosiserhöhung kann infolge einer Erhöhung des enddiastolischen linken Ventrikeldruckes zu einer stärkeren Lungenstauung mit Verschlechterung der kontraktilen Funktion führen. Die Dopamindosierung sollte deshalb 200 bis max. 300 µg/min nicht übersteigen.
    Notes: Summary In eight patients with severe congestive heart failure investigations were made concerning the influence of Dopamine (between 90 and 350 µg/min) on hemodynamics and renal function as well as on the renal blood flow. As in normal volunteers, depending on the dosis given, Dopamine distinctly increased the cardiac output at unchanged arterial pressure. Doses exceeding 175 µg/min, however, caused a rise in heart rate, and increased end-diastolic left ventricular pressure in patients with cardiac failure. Already with doses below 175 µg/min the renal blood flow increased far beyond the extent of general systemic flow increase. Distinct sodium diuresis and increased urine flow as well as an increase of the sodium-potassium-urine ratio could be proven regularly. Depending on the dosis given, Dopamine induces a decrease of arterial pO2, probably due to an increased pulmonary venous admixture. It is suggested that Dopamine, on account of its specific qualities differing from other catecholamines, should be chosen in shock syndrome with primarily lowered cardiac output where no volume substitution is indicated. Already with doses below 175 µg/min an increase of cardiac output without rise of heart rate, maximal increase of the renal blood flow, and sodium excretion can be observed; higher doses, increasing the end-diastolic left ventricular pressure, may result in more severe lung congestion with deterioration of the contractile state. Therefore, Dopamine should not exceed doses of 200 to max. 300 µg/min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 571-573 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: dopamine ; haloperidol ; arterial pO2 ; pulmonary arterio-venous anastomoses ; dopamine-receptor ; Dopamin ; Haloperidol ; arterieller Sauerstoffdruck ; pulmonale arteriovenöse Anastomosen ; Dopaminreceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dopamininfusion bewirkt eine deutliche Abnahme des arteriellen Sauerstoffdruckes. Diese Entwicklung einer arteriellen Hypoxämie muß am ehesten durch Eröffnung pulmonaler arteriovenöser Anastomosen erklärt werden. Wie die Dopamin-bedingte Vasodilatation im Nieren-und Coronargefäßsystem, kann die Dopamin-bedingte arterielle Hypoxämie durch Vorbehandlung mit Haloperidol blockiert werden. Somit sind auch in der Lungenstrombahn Dopaminspezifische Receptoren anzunehmen, die möglicherweise die Öffnung arteriovenöser Anastomosen regulieren.
    Notes: Summary Dopamine infusion regularly is accompanied by a distinct decrease of arterial pO2. An opening of pulmonary arterio-venous anastomoses is suggested to be the cause of this arterial hypoxaemia. This dopamine effect is attenuated by pretreatment with haloperidol, thus resembling the dopamine-induced vasodilatation seen in the coronary and renal vascular bed. These results support the hypothesis that dopamine is also acting upon a specific receptor in the pulmonary vascular bed which probably regulates the opening of arterio-venous anastomoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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